ReviewInternational journal of environmental research and public health2019
Chronic Fluoride Exposure and the Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Review in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Fluoride Exposure and ADHD: A Systematic Review of Epidemiological Studies.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Pooled it
- Prenatal fluoride exposure and autistic behaviors in preschool-aged children: the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) cohort study.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2025Article
- Significance of Oral Care for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder-A Narrative Literature Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Effects of low concentration of fluoride exposure during fetal on behavior and neurotransmitters in adult mice.Biomedical reports · 2025Article
- TET1 mitigates prenatal fluoride-induced cognition impairment by modulating Bcl2 DNA hydroxymethylation level.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Article
- AMPA and NMDA Receptors in Hippocampus of Rats with Fluoride-Induced Cognitive Decline.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Association between Autism Spectrum Disorder, Trace Elements, and Intracranial Fluid Spaces.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- A Mixed-Methods Study on Topical Fluoride Beliefs and Refusal Behaviors for Caregivers of Children with Special Health Care Needs.Maternal and child health journal · 2024Article
- Autism in Africa: prevalence, diagnosis, treatment and the impact of social and cultural factors on families and caregivers: a review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2023Review
- Saliva microbiome alterations in dental fluorosis population.Journal of oral microbiology · 2023Article
- Effect of Culturally Adapted Dental Visual Aids on Oral Hygiene Status during Dental Visits in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Intestinal changes associated with fluoride exposure in rats: Integrative morphological, proteomic and microbiome analyses.Chemosphere · 2021Article
- Dietary Fluoride Intake by Children: When to Use a Fluoride Toothpaste?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Chemical Aspects of Human and Environmental Overload with Fluorine.Chemical reviews · 2021Review
- Effects of Fluoride on Submandibular Glands of Mice: Changes in Oxidative Biochemistry, Proteomic Profile, and Genotoxicity.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Histone acetyltransferase promotes fluoride toxicity in LS8 cells.Chemosphere · 2020Article
- Autism Spectrum Disorder: Nature vs. Nurture.Missouri medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The continuous rise of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prevalent in the past few decades is causing an increase in public health and socioeconomic concern. A consensus suggests the involvement of both genetic and environmental factors in the ASD etiopathogenesis. Fluoride (F) is rarely recognized among the environmental risk factors of ASD, since the neurotoxic effects of F are not generally accepted. Our review aims to provide evidence of F neurotoxicity. We assess the risk of chronic F exposure in the ASD etiopathology and investigate the role of metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation, immunoexcitotoxicity, and decreased melatonin levels. These symptoms have been observed both after chronic F exposure as well as in ASD. Moreover, we show that F in synergistic interactions with aluminum's free metal cation (Al
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.