ArticleCancers2019
Targeting Pyruvate Kinase M2 and Lactate Dehydrogenase A Is an Effective Combination Strategy for the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer.
Article in Cancers, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interplay Between Glucose Metabolism and Chromatin Modifications in Cancer.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Pooled it
- Lactate as a Signaling Molecule in the Tumor Microenvironment: Implications for Cancer Progression.Biochemical genetics · 2026Review
- Carbohydrates metabolic reprogramming and tumor microenvironment in pancreatic cancer: targeting pathways.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Lactylation enzymes in cancer: Mechanisms and novel therapeutic approaches (Review).Oncology letters · 2026Review
- Targeting Lactate and Lactylation in Cancer Metabolism and Immunotherapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Review
- Lactate metabolic reprogramming and lactylation modification: molecular mechanisms reshaping the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment.Cell & bioscience · 2026Review
- TrxR2 Lactylation Facilitates Mitochondrial Protection and Endothelial Ferroptosis Resistance in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Bone Metastatic Progression of Prostate Cancer Is Regulated by TRIM28-LDHA-Mediated Metabolism.Molecular cancer research : MCR · 2026Article
- Metabolic rewiring of the tumor microenvironment: therapeutic intervention of multi-pathway adaptations to impede cancer metastasis.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Review
- Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Osteogenesis is driven by Paracrine signals from Regulatory T Cell.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Article
- Bidirectional regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic prospects of tumor hypercoagulable state and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.Oncology reviews · 2026Review
- Lactate at the crossroads of tumor metabolism and immune escape: a new frontier in cancer therapy.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Targeting Metabolic Pathways in AML Cell Lines: Impact of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α) and Lactate Dehydrogenase-A (LDH-A) Inhibition.Iranian biomedical journal · 2025Article
- Histone lactylation in gastrointestinal cancers: developing immunotherapeutic drugs targeting epigenetics.Archives of pharmacal research · 2025Review
- Review
- Protein lactylation and immunotherapy in gliomas: A novel regulatory axis in tumor metabolism (Review).International journal of oncology · 2025Review
- Investigation of the synergistic effect of metformin and FX11 on PANC-1 cell lines.Biological research · 2025Article
- Metabolic deficiencies underlie reduced plasmacytoid dendritic cell IFN-I production following viral infection.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Lactate-induced lactylation: from basic research to clinical perspectives.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Reprogrammed glucose metabolism is one of the hallmarks of cancer, and increased expression of key glycolytic enzymes, such as pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), has been associated with poor prognosis in various malignancies. Targeting these enzymes could attenuate aerobic glycolysis and inhibit tumor proliferation. We investigated whether the PKM2 activator, TEPP-46, and the LDHA inhibitor, FX-11, can be combined to inhibit in vitro and in vivo tumor growth in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer. We assessed PKM2 and LDHA expression, enzyme activity, and cell proliferation rate after treatment with TEPP-46, FX-11, or a combination of both. Efficacy was validated in vivo by evaluating tumor growth, PK and LDHA activity in plasma and tumors, and PKM2, LDHA, and Ki-67 expression in tumor tissues following treatment. Dual therapy synergistically inhibited pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and significantly delayed tumor growth in vivo without apparent toxicity. Treatment with TEPP-46 and FX-11 resulted in increased PK and reduced LDHA enzyme activity in plasma and tumor tissues and decreased PKM2 and LDHA expression in tumors, which was reflected by a decrease in tumor volume and proliferation. The targeting of glycolytic enzymes such as PKM2 and LDHA represents a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.