ReviewAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2019
The Endocannabinoid System of Animals.
Review in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 125 citations in OpenAlex.
- Potential antitumor effect of cannabidiol (CBD) in canine oncology: a systematic review.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Pooled it
- Advanced analytical approaches for endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like substances: Applications in liver disease research.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2026Review
- Maternal obesity during lactation as a hypertensive cardiovascular risk factor in the offspring.Experimental physiology · 2026Review
- Modulation of the endocannabinoid system reduces inflammatory signalling in canine mammary carcinoma cells.Veterinary record open · 2026Article
- The endocannabinoid system regulates both ependymoglial and neuronal cell responses to a tail amputation in the axolotl.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2026Article
- Phytocannabinoids and Male Fertility: Implications ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Exploring the Endocannabinoid System's Influence on Mammary Tissue and Breast Milk Inflammation in Maternal Chronic Obesity.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- From localization to function: comparative analysis of CB1 in sperm across species and its epigenetic role in humans.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Metabolic effects and pharmacokinetics of oral cannabidiol (CBD) in Connemara ponies following 21 days of treatment.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Deadly confusion of novel psychoactive substances: fatal outcome of ADB-BUTINACA mislabeled as 3',4'-methylenedioxy-α-pyrrolidinohexiophenone.Forensic toxicology · 2026Article
- Case Report: Oral and topical chronic administration of THC-rich and CBD-rich cannabis oil as palliative care in a rescued horse with open wound, sarcoid and chronic pain.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Cannabidiol and ∆9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Endometriosis: A Literature Review on Therapeutic Applications and Mechanisms.JBRA assisted reproduction · 2026Review
- Cats and cannabinoids: past, present and future.Journal of feline medicine and surgery · 2025Review
- Dietary Cannabidiol Supplementation on Growth Performance, Behavior, Blood Profile, Metabolomic Analysis, and Fatty Acid Composition in Rabbits: A Multi-Disciplinary Approach to Improve Welfare and Productivity.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Review
- Molecular Mechanisms of the Endocannabinoid System with a Focus on Reproductive Physiology and the Cannabinoid Impact on Fertility.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Evaluation of Cannabidiol Oil's Effects on Sedation, Behavioral Responses to Handling, and Nociceptive Thresholds in Healthy Cats.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Distribution of endocannabinoid system receptors in the equine hoof: dysregulation as a potential therapeutic target for laminitis.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2025Article
- Changes of CB1 Receptor Expression in Tissues of Cocaine-Exposed Eels.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Acute and prolonged toxicity assessment ofToxicology reports · 2025Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system has been found to be pervasive in mammalian species. It has also been described in invertebrate species as primitive as the Hydra. Insects, apparently, are devoid of this, otherwise, ubiquitous system that provides homeostatic balance to the nervous and immune systems, as well as many other organ systems. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has been defined to consist of three parts, which include (1) endogenous ligands, (2) G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), and (3) enzymes to degrade and recycle the ligands. Two endogenous molecules have been identified as ligands in the ECS to date. The endocannabinoids are anandamide (arachidonoyl ethanolamide) and 2-AG (2-arachidonoyl glycerol). Two G-coupled protein receptors (GPCR) have been described as part of this system, with other putative GPC being considered. Coincidentally, the phytochemicals produced in large quantities by the
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.