ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2019
Fentanyl exposure and preferences among individuals starting treatment for opioid use disorder.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of propofol fentanyl versus propofol ketamine for painless gastrointestinal endoscopy: a systematic review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic review on intentional non-medical fentanyl use among people who use drugs.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- The Evolving Overdose Epidemic: Synthetic Opioids and Rising Stimulant-Related Harms.Epidemiologic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Impact of fentanyl use on initiation and discontinuation of methadone and buprenorphine/naloxone among people with prescription-type opioid use disorder: secondary analysis of a Canadian treatment trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2022Trial
- Associations between fentanyl use and initiation, persistence, and retention on medications for opioid use disorder among people living with uncontrolled HIV disease.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Trial
- Technology-assisted methadone take-home dosing for dispensing methadone to persons with opioid use disorder during the Covid-19 pandemic.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2021Trial
- Perceptions of Buprenorphine With Naloxone Treatment and the Fear of Precipitated Withdrawal: A Qualitative Exploration With HIV Prevention Trials Network 094 INTEGRA Participants and Staff.Drug and alcohol review · 2026Article
- Fentanyl use among people who inject drugs in two large Pacific Northwest metropolitan areas.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Sociodemographic Characteristics and Drug Use Practices Associated with Fentanyl Use Frequency Among People Who Use Drugs in Rhode Island.Substance use & misuse · 2026Article
- A Roadmap to Improved Quality Outcomes in Neonates Exposed to Illegally Manufactured Fentanyl.Journal of pediatrics. Clinical practice · 2025Article
- A humanized monoclonal antibody attenuates fentanyl self-administration and reverses and prevents fentanyl-induced ventilatory depression in rhesus monkeys.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Mini-review: Harm reduction strategies among people who intentionally use fentanyl.Addictive behaviors reports · 2025Article
- Case series: Symptom-inhibited fentanyl induction (SIFI) onto treatment-dose opioid agonist therapy in a community setting.The American journal on addictions · 2025Article
- Initiation and Dosing of Extended-Release Buprenorphine: A Narrative Review of Emerging Approaches for Patients Who Use Fentanyl.Substance abuse and rehabilitation · 2025Review
- "You take care of people, people will take care of you": Moral Economies and an Unpredictable Drug Market.PloS one · 2025Article
- Article
- Opioid and stimulant attributed treatment admissions and fatal overdoses: Using national surveillance data to examine the intersection of race, sex, and polysubstance use, 1992-2020.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- Understanding intentionality of fentanyl use and drug overdose risk: Findings from a mixed methods study of people who inject drugs in New York City.The International journal on drug policy · 2023Article
- Fentanyl withdrawal: Understanding symptom severity and exploring the role of body mass index on withdrawal symptoms and clearance.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2023Article
- Characteristics and correlates of fentanyl preferences among people with opioid use disorder.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFentanyl has become widespread in the illicit opioid supply, and is a major driver of overdose mortality.
methodsThis study used a medical records review at a community opioid use disorder treatment program to examine patient-level correlates of fentanyl exposure as measured by urine testing at admission (N= 1,174). Additionally, an anonymous survey was conducted with 114 patients about their experiences and preferences regarding fentanyl.
resultsOverall, 39% of patients entering treatment tested positive for fentanyl. Prevalence of fentanyl exposure differed based on other drug test results (fentanyl-positive = 81.1% vs. 15.4% among participants positive vs. negative for heroin/opioids, p < .001; 59.0% vs. 38.3% among participants positive vs. negative for methadone, p = .001; 53.8% vs. 24.9% among participants positive vs. negative for cocaine, p < .001), prior addiction treatment (40.6% vs. 32.0% among participants with vs. without prior treatment, p < .05), and mental health (36.7% vs. 43.1% among participants with vs. without co-occurring psychiatric diagnosis, p < .05). Most participants reported knowingly using fentanyl (56.1%) and knowing people who prefer fentanyl as a drug of choice (65.8%). Preference for fentanyl (alone or mixed with heroin) was expressed by 44.7% of participants. Participants thought fentanyl withdrawal had faster onset (53.5%), greater severity (74.8%), and longer duration (62.0%) than heroin withdrawal.
conclusionsRecent opioid and cocaine use were strongly associated with fentanyl exposure in this sample. Although fentanyl exposure is often unintentional, there may be a subgroup of individuals who come to prefer fentanyl. Future research should examine the relationship between fentanyl use, patient preferences for fentanyl, and treatment outcomes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.