Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31524155›Full record

ArticleJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2019

The Independent and Interactive Associations of Bilingualism and Sex on Cognitive Performance in Hispanics/Latinos of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Melissa Lamar, Adeline León, Karina Romo, Ramon A Durazo-Arvizu, Shruti Sachdeva, Richard B Lipton, Krista M Perreira, Linda C Gallo, Jianwen Cai, Tasneem Khambaty and 5 more

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
1.0field-weighted citation impact, top 25% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Heterogeneity in cognitive profiles of monolingual and bilingual Hispanic/Latino older adults in HABS-HD.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2024
    Article
  4. Article
  5. MIND Diet and Cognitive Function in Puerto Rican Older Adults.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2022
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
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  9. Article
  10. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors at 9 institutions in 1 country.

Melissa LamarDepartment of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Adeline LeónDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
Karina RomoUniversity of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Ramon A Durazo-ArvizuInstitute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Shruti SachdevaDepartment of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Richard B LiptonDepartment of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Krista M PerreiraDepartment of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Linda C GalloDepartment of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
Jianwen CaiDepartment of Biostatistics, Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Tasneem KhambatyDepartment of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD, USA.
Jessica CarrascoDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Maria M LlabreDepartment of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
Lisa T EylerDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Martha L DaviglusDepartment of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Hector M GonzálezDepartment of Neuroscience, Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
University of California, San Diego · USUniversity of Illinois Chicago · USRush University Medical Center · USAlbert Einstein College of Medicine · USSan Diego State University · USUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore County · USUniversity of Miami · USUniversity of Minnesota Medical Center · USUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · US

Funding

HISPANIC COMMUNITY HEALTH STUDY-268065233N01HC065233 · HC · COORDINATING CENTER · PI CHAMBLESS, LLOYD E · 2006 to 2006
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NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC065233NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC065234NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC065235NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC065236NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC065237
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sixty percent of Hispanics/Latinos are bilingual which research suggests may confer certain cognitive advantages. Female sex confers cognitive advantages in verbal learning and memory compared to male sex, regardless of race or ethnicity. Understanding the independent and interactive associations of bilingualism and sex with cognition may aid in predicting cognitive aging in Hispanics/Latinos. We examined baseline (2008-2011) data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, a multicenter, prospective community-based study. Our analyses included 6,110 males and females ≥45 years old who self-reported birth and parents' origin outside of the continental US, Spanish as their first language, and were evaluated in Spanish. Bilingualism was assessed along a Likert scale (1 = only Spanish to 4 = English>Spanish) for language proficiency (reading/spoken) and patterns of use (thinking/socializing). Cognitive testing included verbal learning, memory, fluency, and Digit Symbol Substitution (DSS). Linear regression models adjusted for relevant confounders, the complex survey design, and sampling weights. Participants' self-reported language proficiency was Spanish better than English, while patterns of use suggested more Spanish than English. Higher language proficiency was associated with higher performance on all cognitive indices while higher patterns of use associated with higher fluency and DSS scores (p-values < 0.01). Female sex was associated with higher performance on all cognitive indices (p-values < 0.05). There were no significant interactions with bilingualism (regardless of metric) by sex on cognition. For Hispanics/Latinos residing in the continental US and reporting birth and parents' origin elsewhere, bilingualism and female sex have independent cognitive benefits that are important to consider when evaluating cognitive performance.

Indexed as

CognitionMultilingualismFemaleHispanic or LatinoHumansMaleMemoryMiddle AgedNeuropsychological TestsPublic HealthSex FactorsUnited StatesVerbal LearningBilingualismcognitionHispanics/Latinosmemoryserial learningsex differences

Identifiers

PMID31524155
PMCPMC8050701
OpenAlexW2973120346

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.