ArticlePsychological medicine2020
Treatment response after 6 and 26 weeks is related to baseline glutamate and GABA levels in antipsychotic-naïve patients with psychosis.
Article in Psychological medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Variability and magnitude of brain glutamate levels in schizophrenia: a meta and mega-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Medial Frontal Cortex GABA Concentrations in Psychosis Spectrum and Mood Disorders: A Meta-analysis of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies.Biological psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Frontal neural metabolite changes in schizophrenia and their association with cognitive control: A systematic review.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Medial Prefrontal Cortex Glutamate Is Reduced in Schizophrenia and Moderated by Measurement Quality: A Meta-analysis of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies.Biological psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Local chemoarchitecture explains widespread lower cortical thickness associated with clinical high risk for psychosis.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Network functional connectivity and anterior cingulate cortex gamma-aminobutyric acid in antipsychotic medication-naïve first-episode psychosis patients.Psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Investigating the disturbance in cortical glutamate and GABA function in psychosis and its origins and consequences.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- A Longitudinal Assessment of Anterior Cingulate Cortex Gamma-aminobutyric Acid in Antipsychotic Medication-naïve First Episode Psychosis Patients.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Interrelations between dopaminergic-, gabaergic- and glutamatergic neurotransmitters in antipsychotic-naïve psychosis patients and the association to initial treatment response.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Elevated glutamine but not glutamate is associated with clozapine eligibility in an early psychosis sample.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Cerebral glutamate levels over two years in initially antipsychotic-naïve first-episode patients with psychosis are related to clinical symptoms and cognition.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Reliability and state-dependency of EEG connectivity, complexity and network characteristics.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A longitudinal study of hippocampal subfield volumes and hippocampal glutamate levels in antipsychotic-naïve first episode psychosis patients.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Advancing treatment response prediction in first-episode psychosis: integrating clinical and electroencephalography features.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025Article
- Changes in glutamate levels in anterior cingulate cortex following 16 weeks of antipsychotic treatment in antipsychotic-naïve first-episode psychosis patients.Psychological medicine · 2025Article
- Changes in schizophrenia symptoms, tryptophan metabolism, neuroinflammation and the GABA-glutamate loop: A pilot study.The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa · 2025Article
- Longitudinal trajectories of anterior cingulate glutamate and subclinical psychotic experiences in early adolescence: the impact of bullying victimization.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Article
- Glutamatergic basis of antipsychotic response in first-episode psychosis: a dual voxel study of the anterior cingulate cortex.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Fibre density and fibre-bundle cross-section of the corticospinal tract are distinctly linked to psychosis-specific symptoms in antipsychotic-naïve patients with first-episode schizophrenia.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2023Article
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10 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundPoor response to dopaminergic antipsychotics constitutes a major challenge in the treatment of psychotic disorders and markers for non-response during first-episode are warranted. Previous studies have found increased levels of glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in non-responding first-episode patients compared to responders, but it is unknown if non-responders can be identified using reference levels from healthy controls (HCs).
methodsThirty-nine antipsychotic-naïve patients with first-episode psychosis and 36 matched HCs underwent repeated assessments with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and 3T magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Glutamate scaled to total creatine (/Cr) was measured in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and left thalamus, and levels of GABA/Cr were measured in ACC. After 6 weeks, we re-examined 32 patients on aripiprazole monotherapy and 35 HCs, and after 26 weeks we re-examined 30 patients on naturalistic antipsychotic treatment and 32 HCs. The Andreasen criteria defined non-response.
resultsBefore treatment, thalamic glutamate/Cr was higher in the whole group of patients but levels normalized after treatment. ACC levels of glutamate/Cr and GABA/Cr were lower at all assessments and unaffected by treatment. When compared with HCs, non-responders at week 6 (19 patients) and week 26 (16 patients) had higher baseline glutamate/Cr in the thalamus. Moreover, non-responders at 26 weeks had lower baseline GABA/Cr in ACC. Baseline levels in responders and HCs did not differ.
conclusionGlutamatergic and GABAergic abnormalities in antipsychotic-naïve patients appear driven by non-responders to antipsychotic treatment. If replicated, normative reference levels for glutamate and GABA may aid estimation of clinical prognosis in first-episode psychosis patients.
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