ArticleBMJ open gastroenterology2019
Risk factors for colorectal cancer significantly vary by anatomic site.
Article in BMJ open gastroenterology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Adult-Attained Height and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Cohort Study, Systematic Review, and Meta-Analysis.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Medication use and risk of proximal colon cancer: a systematic review of prospective studies with narrative synthesis and meta-analysis.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2021Pooled it
- Can the Parallel or Tandem Combination of Questionnaire-Based Risk Assessment and Fecal Immunochemical Test Improve the Efficiency of Colorectal Cancer Screening?International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- The coadministration of Lactobacillus probiotic augments the antitumor effect of telmisartan in rats.AMB Express · 2025Article
- The association between non- and pro-healthy diet indices and the risk of colorectal cancer: a case-control study.BMC gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Relationship Between Aspirin Use and Site-Specific Colorectal Cancer Risk Among Individuals With Metabolic Comorbidity.Journal of Korean medical science · 2024Article
- Colorectal Cancer Incidence in Iran Based on Sex, Age, and Geographical Regions: A Study of 2014-2017 and Projected Rates to 2025.Archives of Iranian medicine · 2024Article
- Machine Learning as a Tool for Early Detection: A Focus on Late-Stage Colorectal Cancer across Socioeconomic Spectrums.Cancers · 2024Article
- Epidemiological insights into colorectal cancer in northwestern Algeria.Ecancermedicalscience · 2024Article
- The Potential Role of Intestinal Stem Cells and Microbiota for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- The Role of Crohn Disease on Breast Cancer Incidence: A Clinical Analysis.World journal of oncology · 2023Article
- The Risk of Colorectal Polyps after Weight Loss Therapy Versus Obesity: A Propensity-Matched Nationwide Cohort Study.Cancers · 2023Article
- Adherence to the Paleolithic diet and Paleolithic-like lifestyle reduce the risk of colorectal cancer in the United States: a prospective cohort study.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Baseline Characteristics and Longitudinal Outcomes of Traditional Serrated Adenomas: A Cohort Study.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2023Article
- Colorectal Cancer-The "Parent" of Low Bowel Obstruction.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Review
- Risk factors for right colon, left colon and rectal cancers differ between men and women: the population-based HUNT study in Norway.Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland · 2023Article
- CEA-delta could be a biomarker of tumor phenotype, clinical stage, and chemotherapeutic response in rectal cancer with OCT4-positive cancer stem cells.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Machine learning based prediction of recurrence after curative resection for rectal cancer.PloS one · 2023Article
- Public Awareness of Colorectal Cancer Screening in the Al-Baha Region, Saudi Arabia, 2022.Cureus · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo conduct an anatomic site-specific case-control study of candidate colorectal cancer (CRC) risk factors.
designCase-control study of US veterans with >1 colonoscopy during 1999-2011. Cases had cancer registry-identified CRC at colonoscopy, while controls were CRC free at colonoscopy and within 3 years of colonoscopy. Primary outcome was CRC, stratified by anatomic site: proximal, distal, or rectal. Candidate risk factors included age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, height, diabetes, smoking status, and aspirin exposure summarised by adjusted ORs and 95% CIs.
results21 744 CRC cases (n=7017 rectal; n=7039 distal; n=7688 proximal) and 612 646 controls were included. Males had significantly higher odds relative to females for rectal cancer (OR=2.84, 95% CI 2.25 to 3.58) than distal cancer (OR=1.84, 95% CI 1.50 to 2.24). Relative to whites, blacks had significantly lower rectal cancer odds (OR=0.88, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.95), but increased distal (OR=1.27, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.37) and proximal odds (OR=1.62, 95% CI 1.52 to 1.72). Diabetes prevalence was more strongly associated with proximal (OR=1.29, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.36) than distal (OR=1.15, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.22) or rectal cancer (OR=1.12, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.19). Current smoking was more strongly associated with rectal cancer (OR=1.81, 95% CI 1.68 to 1.95) than proximal cancer (OR=1.53, 95% CI 1.43 to 1.65) or distal cancer (OR=1.46, 95% CI 1.35 to 1.57) compared with never smoking. Aspirin use was significantly more strongly associated with reduced rectal cancer odds (OR=0.71, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.76) than distal (OR=0.85, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.90) or proximal (OR=0.91, 95% CI 0.86 to 0.95).
conclusionCandidate CRC risk factor associations vary significantly by anatomic site. Accounting for site may enable better insights into CRC pathogenesis and cancer control strategies.
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