ArticleBreast cancer research and treatment2020
Mismatch repair protein loss in breast cancer: clinicopathological associations in a large British Columbia cohort.
Article in Breast cancer research and treatment, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- PTEN Expression as a Complementary Biomarker for Mismatch Repair Testing in Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Trial
- Invasive Acantholytic Extramammary Paget's Disease of the Vulva With Mammary Carcinoma-Like Differentiation and MMR Loss: Report of an Unusual Case and Its Clinical Mimics.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2026Article
- Evidence and gaps in tumor-agnostic therapies for breast cancer: a narrative review.Translational breast cancer research : a journal focusing on translational research in breast cancer · 2026Review
- Dysfunctional mismatch repair in patients with early triple-negative breast cancer.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Article
- Role of Circulating Tumor DNA in Adapting Immunotherapy Approaches in Breast Cancer.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Review
- Comprehensive Analysis of Oncogenic Somatic Alterations of Mismatch Repair Gene in Breast Cancer Patients.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Knock-out of CD73 delays the onset of HR-negative breast cancer by reprogramming lipid metabolism and is associated with increased tumor mutational burden.Molecular metabolism · 2024Article
- DNA damage response in breast cancer and its significant role in guiding novel precise therapies.Biomarker research · 2024Review
- The intersection of homologous recombination (HR) and mismatch repair (MMR) pathways in DNA repair-defective tumors.NPJ precision oncology · 2024Review
- Association of GATA3 expression in triple-positive breast cancer with overall survival and immune cell infiltration.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The impact of HER2-low status on response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in clinically HER2-negative breast cancer.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2023Article
- MMR Deficiency Defines Distinct Molecular Subtype of Breast Cancer with Histone Proteomic Networks.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Liquid biopsy biomarkers to guide immunotherapy in breast cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Colon Cancer Diagnosis Based on Machine Learning and Deep Learning: Modalities and Analysis Techniques.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Personalised Therapies for Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: When Target Is Not Everything.Cancers · 2022Review
- From Immunohistochemistry to New Digital Ecosystems: A State-of-the-Art Biomarker Review for Precision Breast Cancer Medicine.Cancers · 2022Review
- Immunological Landscape of HER-2 Positive Breast Cancer.Cancers · 2022Review
- Clinical relevance of pathogenic germline variants in mismatch repair genes in Chinese breast cancer patients.NPJ breast cancer · 2022Article
- Biomarker-driven drug repurposing on biologically similar cancers with DNA-repair deficiencies.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- Biomarkers of immunotherapy response in breast cancer beyond PD-L1.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeAlterations to mismatch repair (MMR) pathways are a known cause of cancer, particularly colorectal and endometrial carcinomas. Recently, checkpoint inhibitors have been approved for use in MMR-deficient cancers of any type (Prasad et al. in JAMA Oncol 4:157-158, 2018). Functional studies in breast cancer have shown associations between MMR loss, resistance to aromatase inhibitors and sensitivity to palbociclib (Haricharan et al. in Cancer Discov 7:1168-1183, 2017). Herein, we investigate the clinical meaning of MMR deficiency in breast cancer by immunohistochemical assessment of MSH2, MSH6, MLH1 and PMS2 on a large series of breast cancers linked to detailed biomarker and long-term outcome data.
methodsCases were classified as MMR intact when all four markers expressed nuclear reactivity, but MMR-deficient when at least one of the four biomarkers displayed loss of nuclear staining in the presence of positive internal stromal controls on the tissue microarray core.
resultsAmong the 1635 cases with interpretable staining, we identified 31 (1.9%) as MMR-deficient. In our cohort, MMR deficiency was present across all major breast cancer subtypes, and was associated with high-grade, low-progesterone receptor expression and high tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte counts. MMR deficiency is significantly associated with inferior overall (HR 2.29, 95% CI 1.02-5.17, p = 0.040) and disease-specific survival (HR 2.71, 95% CI 1.00-7.35, p = 0.042) in the 431 estrogen receptor-positive patients who were uniformly treated with tamoxifen as their sole adjuvant systemic therapy.
conclusionOverall, this study supports the concept that breast cancer patients with MMR deficiency as assessed by immunohistochemistry may be good candidates for alternative treatment approaches such as immune checkpoint or CDK4 inhibitors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.