ReviewCurrent psychiatry reports2019
Non-Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia.
Review in Current psychiatry reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 131 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
131 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Multiancestry and Multitrait GWAS Meta-Analysis on Schizophrenia With a Sample of 322,321 Unveils Genetic Links to Chronic Lung Diseases.Genes, brain, and behavior · 2026Pooled it
- Global lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Multi-Trait Genetic Insights Into Schizophrenia Across Ancestries: Genome-Wide Association Meta-Analyses, Machine Learning, and Drug Repurposing Study.Brain and behavior · 2026Pooled it
- Specificity of environmental risk factors for schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, and depressive disorders - umbrella review.Psychological medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Glutamatergic Modulation of Brain Function in Psychosis: A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging Studies.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2025Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of the Human Accelerated Regions in Schizophrenia and Related Disorders: Where the Evolutionary and Neurodevelopmental Hypotheses Converge.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Disease classification for whole-blood DNA methylation: Meta-analysis, missing values imputation, and XAI.GigaScience · 2022Pooled it
- Oxytocin levels in individuals with schizophrenia are high in cerebrospinal fluid but low in serum: A systematic review and meta-analysis : Oxytocin and Schizophrenia.Metabolic brain disease · 2021Pooled it
- Environmental Risk Factors in Bipolar Disorder and Psychotic Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2021Pooled it
- Rethinking schizophrenia: insights from genomics and implications for research.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Metacognition and Self-Disturbances in Schizophrenia: Implications for Psychological and Neurocognitive Therapy.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Animal Models for Drug Discovery in Schizophrenia: A Critical View from a Clinical Perspective.Pharmaceutical medicine · 2026Review
- The Effect of Smoking Cigarettes on the Progression of Psychotic Experiences to Psychotic Disorder: Evidence From a 6-Year Follow-Up Study.The International journal of social psychiatry · 2026Article
- Do Genetic Variants Directly Shape Population-Level Schizophrenia Burden? A Global Genomic Analysis.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Capturing multi-disease states on a spectrum with machine learning and routine clinical data.Med (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Healthy lifestyle, metabolomic signature, and risk of late-onset schizophrenia: evidence from the prospective cohort.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Mental Illness: A Deviation from Phenomenological, Rather than Moral, Norms?The Journal of medicine and philosophy · 2026Article
- Exploring the roots of schizophrenia: Current research and future directions (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Review
- The dynamic nature of genetic risk for schizophrenia within genes regulated by FOXP1 during neurodevelopment.Human molecular genetics · 2026Article
- Incidence of psychotic disorders by birth cohort: a population-based cohort study in Ontario, Canada.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2026Article
71 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purpose of reviewWe review recent developments on risk factors in schizophrenia. RECENT
findingsThe way we think about schizophrenia today is profoundly different from the way this illness was seen in the twentieth century. We now know that the etiology of schizophrenia is multifactorial and reflects an interaction between genetic vulnerability and environmental contributors. Environmental risk factors such as pregnancy and birth complications, childhood trauma, migration, social isolation, urbanicity, and substance abuse, alone and in combination, acting at a number of levels over time, influence the individual's likelihood to develop the disorder. Environmental risk factors together with the identification of a polygenic risk score for schizophrenia, research on gene-environment interaction and environment-environment interaction have hugely increased our knowledge of the disorder.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.