ReviewNeuroscience and biobehavioral reviews2019
Review of animal models of bipolar disorder that alter ion regulation.
Review in Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Thyroid hormone augmentation for bipolar disorder: a neurobiological and clinical narrative review.International journal of bipolar disorders · 2026Review
- Prenatal Stress Induces Changes in Behavior, HPA Axis, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress in Adult Rats Offspring.Neurochemical research · 2026Article
- Parallels between bipolar disorder and ATP1A3-related diseases: a window into the investigation of lithium for alternating hemiplegia of childhood.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2026Review
- Genistein Exerts Neuroprotective Effects in an Ouabain-Induced Model of Bipolar Disorder: Behavioral and Molecular Insights.Neurochemical research · 2025Article
- The crosstalk between CREB and PER2 mediates the transition between mania- and depression-like behavior.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Sensational site: the sodium pump ouabain-binding site and its ligands.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2024Review
- Phenotypes, mechanisms and therapeutics: insights from bipolar disorder GWAS findings.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Review
- Article
- Endogenous Cardiac Steroids in Bipolar Disorder: State of the Art.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Role of endogenous ouabain in the etiology of bipolar disorder.International journal of bipolar disorders · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAccurate modeling of psychiatric disorders in animals is essential for advancement in our understanding and treatment of the severe mental illnesses. Of the multiple models available for bipolar illness, the ones that disrupt ion flux are currently the only ones that meet the three criteria for validity: face validity, construct validity, and predictive validity.
methodsA directed review was performed to evaluate animal models for mania in which ion dysregulation was the key intervention.
resultsThree models are identified. All focus on disruption of the sodium potassium pump. One is pharmacologic and requires surgical insertion of an intracerebroventricular (ICV) cannula and subsequent administration of ouabain. Two are genetic and are based on heterozygote knockout (KO) of the alpha2 or alpha3 subunits of the sodium pump. Alpha2 KOs are believed to have altered glial function, and they do not appear to have a full array of manic symptoms. Alpha3 KOs appear to be the best characterized animal model for bipolar disorder currently available.
conclusionAnimal models that disrupt ion regulation are more inclined to model both mania and depression; and are thus the most promising models available. However, other models are important for demonstrating mechanisms in important pathophysiologic aspect of bipolar disorder.
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Registered trials
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