ArticlePreventive medicine2019
Multilevel analysis in rural cancer control: A conceptual framework and methodological implications.
Article in Preventive medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed.
- Neighborhood Deprivation and Rurality Associated With Patient-Reported Outcomes and Survival in Men With Prostate Cancer in NRG Oncology RTOG 0415.International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics · 2023Trial
- Disparities in Rural-Urban Cancer Care Outcomes among Pediatric, Adolescent, and Young Adult Populations: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Review
- Solution-Based Research to Address Disparities in Precision Cancer Health: A Case Report Elucidating the Design and Rationale of the Illinois Cancer Health Equity Research (I-CHER) Center.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Spatial Patterns of Breast Cancer Risk Associated with Industrial and Environmental Pollutants: A Scoping Review.Toxics · 2026Review
- The Role of Rurality, Travel Time, and Neighborhood Socioeconomics on Patterns of Adjuvant Therapy Receipt among Patients with Endometrial Cancer.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
- The Persistent Poverty Initiative's Framework to Address Social and Economic Determinants of Cancer.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
- Rural patients' experiences with diagnosis and treatment of endometrial cancer.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2025Article
- "It really takes a village": perspectives on multi-level barriers to endometrial cancer care for rural patients.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2025Article
- Exploring disparities in post-cancer treatment instructions: an analysis of rural vs. urban breast cancer survivors in Missouri using BRFSS data.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Disparities in Cancer Stage of Diagnosis by Rurality in California, 2015 to 2019.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2024Article
- Self-reported Racial Discrimination and Healthy Behaviors in Black Adults Residing in Rural Persistent Poverty Areas.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- Preliminary effects of a rural skin cancer prevention intervention for youths.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2024Article
- Relationship between area-level socioeconomic status and health-related quality of life among cancer survivors.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2024Article
- Review
- Survival of Middle Eastern and North African Individuals Diagnosed with Colorectal Cancer: A Population-Based Study in California.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2023Article
- Improving rural cancer prevention: targeted data and understanding rural-specific factors and lived experiences.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2023Article
- Examination of risk factors for discontinuation of follow-up care in patients with head and neck cancer.Cancer medicine · 2023Article
- County-Level Social Vulnerability and Breast, Cervical, and Colorectal Cancer Screening Rates in the US, 2018.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- A retrospective cohort study of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the scalp: features of disease and influence of sociodemographic factors on outcomes.Irish journal of medical science · 2022Article
- Geographic determinants of colorectal cancer in Louisiana.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Rural populations experience a myriad of cancer disparities ranging from lower screening rates to higher cancer mortality rates. These disparities are due in part to individual-level characteristics like age and insurance status, but the physical and social context of rural residence also plays a role. Our objective was two-fold: 1) to develop a multilevel conceptual framework describing how rural residence and relevant micro, macro, and supra-macro factors can be considered in evaluating disparities across the cancer control continuum and 2) to outline the unique considerations of multilevel statistical modeling in rural cancer research. We drew upon several formative frameworks that address the cancer control continuum, population-level disparities, access to health care services, and social inequities. Micro-level factors comprised individual-level characteristics that either predispose or enable individuals to utilize health care services or that may affect their cancer risk. Macro-level factors included social context (e.g. domains of social inequity) and physical context (e.g. access to care). Rural-urban status was considered a macro-level construct spanning both social and physical context, as "rural" is often characterized by sociodemographic characteristics and distance to health care services. Supra-macro-level factors included policies and systems (e.g. public health policies) that may affect cancer disparities. Our conceptual framework can guide researchers in conceptualizing multilevel statistical models to evaluate the independent contributions of rural-urban status on cancer while accounting for important micro, macro, and supra-macro factors. Statistically, potential collinearity of multilevel model predictive variables, model structure, and spatial dependence should also be considered.
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