ReviewHuman brain mapping2020
The importance of different learning stages for motor sequence learning after stroke.
Review in Human brain mapping, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05441228 (Comparison of Effectiveness of Virtual Reality With Mirror Therapy in Improving Motor Function of Upper Limb of Stroke Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 47 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparison of Effectiveness of Virtual Reality With Mirror Therapy in Improving Motor Function of Upper Limb of Stroke Patients
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Consistent cortico-basal ganglia-cerebellar activation in early motor sequence learning: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Translational psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Embodying Time in the Brain: A Multi-Dimensional Neuroimaging Meta-Analysis of 95 Duration Processing Studies.Neuropsychology review · 2024Pooled it
- The Effectiveness of Proprioceptive Training for Improving Motor Performance and Motor Dysfunction: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2022Pooled it
- No effect of anodal high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation during motor sequence learning in older people.GeroScience · 2026Trial
- Resting-state hemodynamic changes and effects on upper limb function after multi-channel transcranial direct current stimulation to the ipsilesional primary motor cortex and anterior intraparietal sulcus in stroke patients: an fNIRS pilot study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Trial
- Neural correlates of fine motor grasping skills: Longitudinal insights into motor cortex activation using fNIRS.Brain and behavior · 2024Trial
- Suppression of Motor Sequence Learning and Execution Through Anodal Cerebellar Transcranial Electrical Stimulation.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2023Trial
- Differences in the early stages of motor learning between visual-motor illusion and action observation.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Moderate-intensity cardiovascular exercise performed before motor practice attenuates offline implicit motor learning in stroke survivors but not age-matched neurotypical adults.Experimental brain research · 2023Trial
- Transcranial direct current stimulation to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex enhances early dexterity skills with the left non-dominant hand: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Trial
- Bimanual motor skill learning with robotics in chronic stroke: comparison between minimally impaired and moderately impaired patients, and healthy individuals.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2022Trial
- Decreased thalamo-cortico connectivity during an implicit sequence motor learning task and 7 days escitalopram intake.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Robust enhancement of motor sequence learning with 4 mA transcranial electric stimulation.Brain stimulationTrial
- Timing in smartphone-guided home stroke rehabilitation with functional electrical stimulation: feasibility of distributed supervision and retrospective comparison with a front-loaded model.Journal of physical therapy science · 2026Article
- Influence of accent and learning styles on online animation learning.Cognitive processing · 2026Article
- Distinct Physiological Mechanisms Drive Grey Matter Plasticity in Complex Versus Simple Sequence Learning.Human brain mapping · 2026Article
- The contributions of biological maturity and experience to fine motor development in adolescence.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Association between corpus callosum microstructure and upper limb motor outcome in moderate-to-severe ischemic stroke patients at 3-6 months post-stroke.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
- Memory in performance: kinesthetic and procedural dimensions of skill acquisition in dance improvisation.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Concurrent observation and physical practice facilitates early closed motor skill learning: evidence from EEG source functional connectivity and behavioral performance.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The task of learning predefined sequences of interrelated motor actions is of everyday importance and has also strong clinical importance for regaining motor function after brain lesions. A solid understanding of sequence learning in stroke patients can help clinicians to optimize and individualize rehabilitation strategies. Moreover, to investigate the impact of a focal lesion on the ability to successfully perform motor sequence learning can enhance our comprehension of the underlying physiological principles of motor sequence learning. In this article, we will first provide an overview of current concepts related to motor sequence learning in healthy subjects with focus on the involved brain areas and their assumed functions according to the temporal stage model. Subsequently, we will consider the question of what we can learn from studies investigating motor sequence learning in stroke patients. We will first focus on the implications of lesion location. Then, we will analyze whether distinct lesion locations affect specific learning stages. Finally, we will discuss the implications for clinical rehabilitation and suggest directions for further research.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.