ArticleThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2019
Humans Perceive Binocular Rivalry and Fusion in a Tristable Dynamic State.
Article in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- The influence of contact lenses with different optical designs on the binocular vision and visual behavior of young adults.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Sensory Eye Dominance Remains Stable Across Binocular Combination and Rivalry in Normal and Anisometropic Amblyopic Vision.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- A novel image-based neuronal network model framework for understanding visual multistability and neurological disorders.Frontiers in computational neuroscience · 2026Article
- Breaking and restoring ocular balance: Temporal interactions in binocular rivalry and stereopsis.Journal of vision · 2025Article
- Alpha oscillations mediate inhibitory control and perceptual transitions during binocular rivalry.iScience · 2025Article
- Multimodal neurobehavioral integration in binocular color rivalry: cortical-eye movement analysis under color, location, and combined stimuli.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- The complexity of human subjective experience during binocular rivalry.Neuroscience of consciousness · 2025Article
- Binocular receptive-field construction in the primary visual cortex.Current biology : CB · 2024Article
- Reduced Monocular Luminance Promotes Fusion But Not Mixed Perception in Amblyopia.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Progressive changes in binocular perception from stereopsis to rivalry.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Effects of interocular grouping demands on binocular rivalry.Journal of vision · 2023Article
- Integration and suppression interact in binocular vision.Journal of vision · 2023Article
- Spatially distributed computation in cortical circuits.Science advances · 2022Article
- On the Art of Binocular Rivalry.i-Perception · 2021Article
- Article
- Mechanisms underlying simultaneous brightness contrast: Early and innate.Vision research · 2020Article
- Adaptation to transients disrupts spatial coherence in binocular rivalry.Scientific reports · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Human vision combines inputs from the two eyes into one percept. Small differences "fuse" together, whereas larger differences are seen "rivalrously" from one eye at a time. These outcomes are typically treated as mutually exclusive processes, with paradigms targeting one or the other and fusion being unreported in most rivalry studies. Is fusion truly a default, stable state that only breaks into rivalry for non-fusible stimuli? Or are monocular and fused percepts three sub-states of one dynamical system? To determine whether fusion and rivalry are separate processes, we measured human perception of Gabor patches with a range of interocular orientation disparities. Observers (10 female, 5 male) reported rivalrous, fused, and uncertain percepts over time. We found a dynamic "tristable" zone spanning from ∼25-35° of orientation disparity where fused, left-eye-, or right-eye-dominant percepts could all occur. The temporal characteristics of fusion and non-fusion periods during tristability matched other bistable processes. We tested statistical models with fusion as a higher-level bistable process alternating with rivalry against our findings. None of these fit our data, but a simple bistable model extended to have three states reproduced many of our observations. We conclude that rivalry and fusion are multistable substates capable of direct competition, rather than separate bistable processes.
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