ArticleEndocrine connections2019
Gluco-metabolic effects of oral and intravenous alcohol administration in men.
Article in Endocrine connections, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Close association between lifestyle and circulating FGF21 levels: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic results from a randomized controlled study with the growth hormone secretagogue receptor blocker PF-5190457 in recently abstinent patients with alcohol use disorder.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Trial
- Protein Decoys, Alcohol, and Energy Intake: Testing a Mechanistic-Ecological Model.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Review
- Global epidemiology of metabolic and alcohol-associated liver disease: risk factors, natural history and clinical implications.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
- A loss-of-function variant in GFRAL associates with increased alcohol consumption in humans.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Negative feedback regulation of alcohol ingestion through the FGF21-PVH oxytocin-VTA dopamine system.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- FGF21 analogue PF-05231023 on alcohol consumption and neuronal activity in the nucleus accumbens.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Alcohol and the endocrine system: A critical review of disruptions, potential mechanisms, and health implications.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2026Review
- Article
- Effects of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Alcohol Use Disorder.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2025Review
- The Clinical Application of GLP-1RAs and GLP-1/GIP Dual Receptor Agonists Based on Pharmacological Mechanisms: A Review.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Review
- Glucagon-like peptide-1, fibroblast growth factor 21, and other endocrine responses to alcohol ingestion in women before and after metabolic surgery.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- The glucagon-like peptide-1 and other endocrine responses to alcohol ingestion in women with versus without metabolic surgery.Addiction biology · 2024Article
- IUPHAR review - Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and substance use disorders: An emerging pharmacotherapeutic target.Pharmacological research · 2024Review
- The Association of Cardiometabolic, Diet and Lifestyle Parameters With Plasma Glucagon-like Peptide-1: An IMI DIRECT Study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
- Review
- A human laboratory study on the link between alcohol administration and circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in individuals with alcohol use disorder.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- The glucagon-like peptide-1 system is modulated by acute and chronic alcohol exposure: Findings from human laboratory experiments and a post-mortem brain study.Addiction biology · 2022Article
- The role of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in addictive disorders.British journal of pharmacology · 2022Review
- FGF21 and the Physiological Regulation of Macronutrient Preference.Endocrinology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIngestion of the calorically dense compound alcohol may cause metabolic disturbances including hypoglycaemia, hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance, but the underlying mechanisms are uncertain. The gastrointestinal tract is well recognised as a major influencer on glucose, protein and lipid metabolism, but its role in alcohol metabolism remains unclear.
objectiveTo examine the effects of oral and intravenous alcohol, respectively, on plasma concentrations of several gluco-regulatory hormones including serum/plasma insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). DESIGN AND
methodsIn a double-blinded, randomised, crossover design, we subjected 12 healthy men to intragastric ethanol infusion (IGEI) and an isoethanolaemic intravenous ethanol infusion (IVEI) (0.7 g alcohol per kg body weight), respectively, on two separate experimental days.
resultsIsoethanolaemia during the two alcohol administration forms was obtained (P = 0.38). During both interventions, plasma glucose peaked after ~30 min and thereafter fell below baseline concentrations. GIP and GLP-1 concentrations were unaffected by the two interventions. Insulin concentrations were unaffected by IGEI but decreased during IVEI. C-peptide, insulin secretion rate and glucagon concentrations were lowered similarly during IGEI and IVEI. FGF21 concentrations increased dramatically (nine-fold) and similarly during IGEI and IVEI.
conclusionsAlcohol does not seem to affect the secretion of incretin hormones but decreased insulin and glucagon secretion independently of gut-derived factors. IGEI as well as IVEI potently stimulate FGF21 secretion indicating a gut-independent effect of alcohol on FGF21 secretion in humans.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.