ReviewJornal de pediatria
Community-acquired pneumonia among children: the latest evidence for an updated management.
Review in Jornal de pediatria. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 120 citations in OpenAlex.
- Development and validation of an early warning score for refractoryTranslational pediatrics · 2026Article
- Comparative study of piperacillin-tazobactam versus ampicillin in the treatment of severe pneumonia in children: A retrospective study.Medicine · 2026Article
- Distinguishing Between Bacterial and Viral Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Hospitalized Adults: The Importance of Clinical, Laboratory, and Imaging Findings.Pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Respiratory infection induced episode of alveolar hemorrhage (RIIEAH) in the pediatric diffuse alveolar hemorrhage: a retrospective single-center study.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Analysis of risk factors for plastic bronchitis induced by Streptococcus pneumoniae in children.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Barriers to Compliance with National Guidelines Among Children Hospitalized with Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Vietnam and the Implications.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Predictive value of an early comprehensive assessment model for refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and internal validation.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Clinical value of C-reactive protein to albumin ratio, aspartate aminotransferase, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in predicting the severity of community-acquired pneumonia in children.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- The role of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid metagenomic next-generation sequencing in detecting pathogens and optimising antibiotic therapy in paediatric severe community-acquired pneumonia.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Infectious acute respiratory failure in patients under 5 years of age: a retrospective cohort study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2024Article
- Mechanism of KLF2 in young mice with pneumonia induced by Streptococcus pneumoniae.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2024Article
- Optimizing Diagnosis and Management of Community-acquired Pneumonia in the Emergency Department.Emergency medicine clinics of North America · 2024Review
- Review
- Dynamics of platelet parameters in children with severe community-acquired pneumonia between viral and bacterial infections.Translational pediatrics · 2024Article
- Viral and bacterial microorganisms in Vietnamese children with severe and non-severe pneumonia.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Compassionate use of contezolid in a toddler with severe community-acquired pneumonia induced by staphylococcus aureus: a case report and follow-up.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
- Analysis of Childhood Pneumonia: A Comparison Between the Pre- and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Reference Hospital in Brazil.Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics · 2024Article
- Management of pneumonia and pleural effusion in children.Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisilogia · 2023Article
- Study on the Common Molecular Mechanism of Metabolic Acidosis and Myocardial Damage Complicated by Neonatal Pneumonia.Metabolites · 2023Article
- Optimization strategy for the early timing of bronchoalveolar lavage treatment for children with severe mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo provide cutting-edge information for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in children under 5 years, based on the latest evidence published in the literature. DATA SOURCE: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, by using the expressions: "community-acquired pneumonia" AND "child" AND "etiology" OR "diagnosis" OR "severity" OR "antibiotic". All articles retrieved had the title and the abstract read, when the papers reporting the latest evidence on each subject were identified and downloaded for complete reading. DATA SYNTHESIS: In the era of largely implemented bacterial conjugate vaccines and widespread use of amplification nucleic acid techniques, respiratory viruses have been identified as the most frequent causative agents of community-acquired pneumonia in patients under 5 years. Hypoxemia (oxygen saturation ≤96%) and increased work of breathing are signs most associated with community-acquired pneumonia. Wheezing detected on physical examination independently predicts viral infection and the negative predictive value (95% confidence interval) of normal chest X-ray and serum procalcitonin <0.25ng/dL was 92% (77-98%) and 93% (90-99%), respectively. Inability to drink/feed, vomiting everything, convulsions, lower chest indrawing, central cyanosis, lethargy, nasal flaring, grunting, head nodding, and oxygen saturation <90% are predictors of death and can be used as indicators for hospitalization. Moderate/large pleural effusions and multilobar infiltrates are predictors of severe disease. Orally administered amoxicillin is the first line outpatient treatment, while ampicillin, aqueous penicillin G, or amoxicillin (initiated initially by intravenous route) are the first line options to treat inpatients.
conclusionsDistinct aspects of childhood community-acquired pneumonia have changed during the last three decades.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.