ArticleAdvances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)2019
Effects of Full-Fat and Fermented Dairy Products on Cardiometabolic Disease: Food Is More Than the Sum of Its Parts.
Article in Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- The doseFrontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of Isoenergetic Substitution of Cheese with Other Dairy Products on Blood Lipid Markers in the Fasted and Postprandial State: An Updated and Extended Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials in Adults.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Biomarkers of dairy fat intake, incident cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality: A cohort study, systematic review, and meta-analysis.PLoS medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Dietary Ewe's Yogurt Intake Selectively Modulates HDL Subfractions Without Altering LDL Particle Size in Women: A Six-Week Intervention Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Gut Microbiome-Hormone Interactions and Precision Fermentation in the Prevention of Early Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- Association between dietary patterns and biological aging among Chinese middle-aged and older adults: evidence from a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Effects of the Addition of Starches and Storage Duration on the Chemical Composition, Physicochemical, Rheological, and Sensory Properties of Yoghurt: A Review.International journal of food science · 2026Review
- High-fat and low-fat fermented milk and cheese intake, proteomic signatures, and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality.European journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Association between empirically driven dietary patterns and cardiometabolic disease risk factors: a cross-sectional analysis in disease-free adults.Nutrition & metabolism · 2025Article
- Cheese: mere indulgence or part of a healthy diet?Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- The association of dietary pattern with the risk of common chronic diseases in Shandong Province, China: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- The Dairy Matrix: Its Importance, Definition, and Current Application in the Context of Nutrition and Health.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Dairy Matrix Effects: Physicochemical Properties Underlying a Multifaceted Paradigm.Nutrients · 2024Review
- A comparison of the nutritional content and price between dairy and non-dairy milks and cheeses in UK supermarkets: A cross sectional analysis.Nutrition and health · 2024Article
- Specific dairy foods and risk of frailty in older women: a prospective cohort study.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- Enhancing date seed phenolic bioaccessibility in soft cheese through a dehydrated liposome delivery system and its effect on testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Magnesium and Zinc Intake Ratio Mediates the Increase of Coronary Artery Calcification through Upregulating Interleukin 6.The Libyan journal of medicine · 2022Article
- Number of meal components, nutritional guidelines, vegetarian meals, avoiding ruminant meat: what is the best trade-off for improving school meal sustainability?European journal of nutrition · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Current dietary recommendations to limit consumption of saturated fat are largely based on early nutrition studies demonstrating a direct link between dietary saturated fat, elevated blood cholesterol levels, and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. As full-fat dairy products are rich in saturated fat, these dietary guidelines recommend consumption of fat-free or low-fat dairy products in place of full-fat dairy. However, dairy products vary greatly in both their nutrient content and their bioactive ingredients, and research increasingly highlights the importance of focusing on whole foods (i.e., the food matrix) as opposed to single nutrients, such as saturated fat. In fact, the weight of evidence from recent large and well-controlled studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses of both observational studies and randomized controlled trials indicates that full-fat dairy products, particularly yogurt and cheese, do not exert the detrimental effects on insulin sensitivity, blood lipid profile, and blood pressure as previously predicted on the basis of their sodium and saturated fat contents; they do not increase cardiometabolic disease risk and may in fact protect against cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Although more research is warranted to adjust for possible confounding factors and to better understand the mechanisms of action of dairy products on health outcomes, it becomes increasingly clear that the recommendation to restrict dietary saturated fat to reduce risk of cardiometabolic disease is getting outdated. Therefore, the suggestion to restrict or eliminate full-fat dairy from the diet may not be the optimal strategy for reducing cardiometabolic disease risk and should be re-evaluated in light of recent evidence.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.