Trial reportCurrent Alzheimer research2019
A Pilot Study of Exenatide Actions in Alzheimer's Disease.
Trial report in Current Alzheimer research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 99 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
99 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 138 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluating the clinical effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases using minimal clinically important difference: systematic review and meta-analysis.Archives of pharmacal research · 2026Pooled it
- The Role of Antidiabetic Therapies in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review of Metformin, Pioglitazone, and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- The effect of GLP-1 receptor agonists on cognition in nondiabetic patients with mild cognitive impairment or alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of antidiabetic drugs in Alzheimer´s disease: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical studies.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2025Pooled it
- The pharmacodynamics-based prophylactic benefits of GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors on neurodegenerative diseases: evidence from a network meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Anti-diabetic agents and the risks of dementia in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of observational studies and randomized controlled trials.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Pooled it
- Clinical Evidence for GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on neurological complications of diabetes.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2023Pooled it
- Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists in experimental Alzheimer's disease models: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- GLP-1a: Going beyond Traditional Use.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of hypoglycemic drugs in improving cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Liraglutide in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a phase 2b clinical trial.Nature medicine · 2026Trial
- Effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin in early Alzheimer's disease: A randomized controlled trial.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Trial
- Long-acting exenatide does not prevent cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment: a proof-of-concept clinical trial.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2024Trial
- Activation of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Ameliorates Cognitive Decline in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Through a Metabolism-Independent Pathway.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2021Trial
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Signaling in Learning and Memory: Evidence, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Implications.Biological psychiatry · 2026Review
- Elevated endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 as a novel Alzheimer's disease biomarker associated with neuroinflammation and Aβ pathology.General psychiatry · 2026Article
- GLP-1 receptor agonists for Alzheimer's disease: Lessons from trials and translational challenges.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Review
- GLP-1 receptor agonists, metabolic syndrome, and Alzheimer's disease: Lessons and opportunities from the EVOKE trials.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2026Review
- GLP-1 agonists in neurodegeneration: a multimodal biomarker-guided approach.Trends in molecular medicine · 2026Review
39 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundStrong preclinical evidence suggests that exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP- 1) receptor agonist used for treating type 2 diabetes, is neuroprotective and disease-modifying in Alzheimer's Disease (AD).
objectiveWe performed an 18-month double-blind randomized placebo-controlled Phase II clinical trial to assess the safety and tolerability of exenatide and explore treatment responses for clinical, cognitive, and biomarker outcomes in early AD.
methodEighteen participants with high probability AD based on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers completed the entire study prior to its early termination by the sponsor; partial outcomes were available for twentyone.
resultsExenatide was safe and well-tolerated, showing an expectedly higher incidence of nausea and decreased appetite compared to placebo and decreasing glucose and GLP-1 during Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests. Exenatide treatment produced no differences or trends compared to placebo for clinical and cognitive measures, MRI cortical thickness and volume, or biomarkers in CSF, plasma, and plasma neuronal extracellular vesicles (EV) except for a reduction of Aβ42 in EVs.
conclusionThe positive finding of lower EV Aβ42 supports emerging evidence that plasma neuronal EVs provide an effective platform for demonstrating biomarker responses in clinical trials in AD. The study was underpowered due to early termination and therefore we cannot draw any firm conclusions. However, the analysis of secondary outcomes shows no trends in support of the hypothesis that exenatide is diseasemodifying in clinical AD, and lowering EV Aβ42 in and of itself may not improve cognitive outcomes in AD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.