ArticleEClinicalMedicine2019
Nature of Cardiac Rehabilitation Around the Globe.
Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 161 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Effectiveness of quality improvement interventions in cardiac rehabilitation on processes and patient outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European heart journal. Quality of care & clinical outcomes · 2025Pooled it
- Psychological interventions for depression and anxiety in patients with coronary heart disease, heart failure or atrial fibrillation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A systematic review of provider-and system-level factors influencing the delivery of cardiac rehabilitation for heart failure.BMC health services research · 2021Pooled it
- Yoga-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation: Current Perspectives from Randomized Controlled Trials in Coronary Artery Disease.Vascular health and risk management · 2021Pooled it
- Personalized smart voice-based electronic prescription for remote at-home feedback management in cardiovascular disease rehabilitation: a multi-center randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in public health · 2023Trial
- Efficacy of Phase II Remote Home Rehabilitation in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.Contrast media & molecular imaging · 2022Trial
- Immersive Virtual Reality Therapy as a Support for Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Pilot Randomized-Controlled Trial.Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking · 2021Trial
- Successful Implementation and Development of a Phase II Cardiac Rehabilitation Program: A China-Wide Cross-Sectional Study Tracking In-service Training Clinical Staff.Frontiers in public health · 2021Trial
- The Impact of Nurse-Led Peer Support Interventions on Psychological Status and Quality of Life After Acute Myocardial Infarction Stent Implantation in China.The Journal of cardiovascular nursingTrial
- Cardiac rehabilitation coverage and program characteristics in Latin America and the Caribbean: Comparisons from the ICCPR's 2025 Global Audit Update.Brazilian journal of physical therapy · 2026Article
- Co-Creation and Usability Testing of a Digital Cardiac Rehabilitation Program (eCardiacRehab): Design and Development Study.JMIR cardio · 2026Article
- The Selection of Exercise Testing Protocols in Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Centres: A Pan-Canadian Survey.CJC open · 2026Article
- Metacognitive Therapy in Cardiac Rehabilitation: Staff Barriers and Enablers to Training in an Evidence-Based Psychological Treatment for Anxiety and Depression.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Program-Related Factors Associated With Morbidity Among Patients in Low-Resource Settings: Analysis From the International Cardiac Rehabilitation Registry.Journal of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and prevention · 2026Observational
- Effectiveness of Mobile Health Augmented Cardiac Rehabilitation on Clinical Outcomes among Post-Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Comparisons of core component delivery in cardiac rehabilitation programs by country income classification and decade based on the 2025 Global Audit Update: A survey study.PLoS medicine · 2026Article
- Type A Aortic Dissection: From Diagnosis to Cardiac Rehabilitation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Assessment of the Bangla Heart Manual in patients with coronary heart disease and their caregivers in Bangladesh: a feasibility study.BMJ open · 2026Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
59 authors at 20 institutions in 44 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a clinically-effective but complex model of care. The purpose of this study was to characterize the nature of CR programs around the world, in relation to guideline recommendations, and compare this by World Health Organization (WHO) region.
methodsIn this cross-sectional study, a piloted survey was administered online to CR programs globally. Cardiac associations and local champions facilitated program identification. Quality (benchmark of ≥ 75% of programs in a given country meeting each of 20 indicators) was ranked. Results were compared by WHO region using generalized linear mixed models.
findings111/203 (54.7%) countries in the world offer CR; data were collected in 93 (83.8%; N = 1082 surveys, 32.1% program response rate). The most commonly-accepted indications were: myocardial infarction (n = 832, 97.4%), percutaneous coronary intervention (n = 820, 96.1%; 0.10), and coronary artery bypass surgery (n = 817, 95.8%). Most programs were led by physicians (n = 680; 69.1%). The most common CR providers (mean = 5.9 ± 2.8/program) were: nurses (n = 816, 88.1%; low in Africa, p < 0.001), dietitians (n = 739, 80.2%), and physiotherapists (n = 733, 79.3%). The most commonly-offered core components (mean = 8.7 ± 1.9 program) were: initial assessment (n = 939, 98.8%; most commonly for hypertension, tobacco, and physical inactivity), risk factor management (n = 928, 98.2%), patient education (n = 895, 96.9%), and exercise (n = 898, 94.3%; lower in Western Pacific, p < 0.01). All regions met ≥ 16/20 quality indicators, but quality was < 75% for tobacco cessation and return-to-work counseling (lower in Americas, p = < 0.05).
interpretationThis first-ever survey of CR around the globe suggests CR quality is high. However, there is significant regional variation, which could impact patient outcomes.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.