ArticleJournal of cognition2018
Power Analysis and Effect Size in Mixed Effects Models: A Tutorial.
Article in Journal of cognition, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07376746 (Improving ADHD Core Symptoms and Individual Quality of Life With Dietary APproaches Through Microbiota-Gut-Brain Signalling), which is not on this map. Cited by 392 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Improving ADHD Core Symptoms and Individual Quality of Life With Dietary APproaches Through Microbiota-Gut-Brain Signalling
Who cites it
392 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Cross-language phonological activation in bilingual visual word recognition: A meta-analysis.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- Effects of a Video of Science Rejection by a Social Media Influencer and User Comments: Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Trial
- How does vertical reading affect saccade programming and lexical processing in the Roman script?Psychological research · 2025Trial
- Cognitive Behavioral Psychotherapy as an Add-on in Comprehensive Outpatient Care of Non-affective Psychoses: A Multicenter Randomized-Controlled Effectiveness Trial in a Naturalistic Setting.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2025Trial
- A preliminary investigation of the acute effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on pain and opioid attentional bias among persons with opioid use disorder.Journal of psychiatric research · 2024Trial
- Effects of discontinuation of serotonergic antidepressants prior to psilocybin therapy versus escitalopram for major depression.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2024Trial
- Evaluation of the internet-based intervention "Selfapy" in participants with unipolar depression and the impact on quality of life: a randomized, parallel group study.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2024Trial
- Morphological analysis when morphemes are hard to detect: Evidence from infixation and reduplication.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2026Article
- Retro-cue alerting effects on conscious perception across different levels of target visibility.Psychological research · 2026Article
- Changing speed along the mental line: A SNARC-like effect for visual acceleration.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2026Article
- The activation of lexico-syntactic features in semi-lexical nouns.Psychological research · 2026Article
- Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (TDCS) at Fp3-Fp2 Reduces the Face Inversion Effect: Evidence Against an Expectancy Account.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Are letter features weighted asymmetrically during the early moments of lexical access? Evidence from masked priming in Serbian Cyrillic.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2026Article
- Apparent Talker Variability and Speaking Style Similarity Can Enhance Comprehension of Novel L2-Accented Talkers.Language and speech · 2026Article
- Dissociable effects of schema congruency on item recognition and source memory across levels of expectedness and surprise.Memory & cognition · 2026Article
- Lexical Context Effects During Reading: The Impact of Vocabulary Knowledge and Word Frequency.Journal of eye movement research · 2026Article
- An explicit strategy facilitates adaptation to virtual surgeries by biasing the recruitment of existing synergies.iScience · 2026Article
- Spiky figures correspond to Japanese names written in square characters.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2026Article
- Regressive Saccades During Reading: Effects of Target Distance and the Role of Individual Differences in Spatial Memory and Linguistic Skill.Journal of eye movement research · 2026Article
332 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In psychology, attempts to replicate published findings are less successful than expected. For properly powered studies replication rate should be around 80%, whereas in practice less than 40% of the studies selected from different areas of psychology can be replicated. Researchers in cognitive psychology are hindered in estimating the power of their studies, because the designs they use present a sample of stimulus materials to a sample of participants, a situation not covered by most power formulas. To remedy the situation, we review the literature related to the topic and introduce recent software packages, which we apply to the data of two masked priming studies with high power. We checked how we could estimate the power of each study and how much they could be reduced to remain powerful enough. On the basis of this analysis, we recommend that a properly powered reaction time experiment with repeated measures has at least 1,600 word observations per condition (e.g., 40 participants, 40 stimuli). This is considerably more than current practice. We also show that researchers must include the number of observations in meta-analyses because the effect sizes currently reported depend on the number of stimuli presented to the participants. Our analyses can easily be applied to new datasets gathered.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.