Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31516435›Full record

ArticleTobacco induced diseases2018

Nass use and associated factors among outpatients in northern Afghanistan: A cross-sectional study in Andkhoy City.

Mohammad Hasssan Hamrah, Mohammad Shoaib Hamrah, Mohammad Hussain Hamrah, Toba Dahi, Akbar Fotouhi, Junichi Sakamoto, Mohammad Hashem Hamrah

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Tobacco induced diseases, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
0.4field-weighted citation impact, top 36% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Afghan Frontier: Understanding Tobacco Practices among Migrant Population in India.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2020
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.

Mohammad Hasssan HamrahMohammad Hashem Hamrah's Curative Clinic, Andkhoy, Afghanistan.
Mohammad Shoaib HamrahDepartment of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
Mohammad Hussain HamrahMohammad Hashem Hamrah's Curative Clinic, Andkhoy, Afghanistan.
Toba DahiFaculty of Dentistry, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey.
Akbar FotouhiMohammad Hashem Hamrah's Curative Clinic, Andkhoy, Afghanistan.
Junichi SakamotoTokai Central Hospital, Kakamigahara, Japan.
Mohammad Hashem HamrahMohammad Hashem Hamrah's Curative Clinic, Andkhoy, Afghanistan.
Health Protection and Research Organisation · AFNagoya University · JPTokai Central Hospital · JP

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionTobacco use is one of the main risk factors for a number of chronic diseases, including cancer, lung diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. Nass is a form of smokeless tobacco. It is used most commonly in Central Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iran, and is significantly associated with oral and oesophageal cancers. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of nass use and its associated factors among patients attending an outpatient clinic in Afghanistan.

methodsThis cross-sectional study was performed in an outpatient clinic in Andkhoy, Afghanistan, from April to July 2017. The study included 387 consecutive patients. The data collection tool was a questionnaire, which includes three main items: demographic, physical, and biomedical measurements. We performed binary logistic regression to identify independent risk factors of nass use.

resultsThe study included 387 participants, of whom 225 were males (58.1%) and 162 were females (41.9%). The overall prevalence of nass use was 48.8% (95% CI: 43.8-53.9%), with the Turkmen ethnic group having significantly higher prevalence than other ethnic groups (58.2%, 95% CI: 50.8-65.3% vs 41.8%, 95% CI: 34.7-49.2%). The mean and standard deviation of the age was 63.9 (17.2) years for nass users and 42.3 (17.4) years for non-users.Based on a multivariate analysis, family history of nass use (OR=31.4, 95% CI: 12.5-78.5), illiteracy (OR=8.9, 95% CI: 2.5-31.2), rural residence (OR=2.0, 95% CI: 1.0-3.9), and unemployment (OR=5.4, 95% CI: 1.4-21.4) were associated with nass use.

conclusionsOur results indicate that about half of the participants were nass users, and nass use associated factors were family history of nass use, illiteracy, unemployment, and rural residency in outpatient clinics in Afghanistan. More surveillance data are needed on a national level to inform the development of strategies for the prevention and control of nass consumption in Afghanistan.

Indexed as

Afghanistanassociated factorsnass use

Identifiers

PMID31516435
PMCPMC6659476
OpenAlexW2888630333

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.