ReviewHLA2019
Out with the old, in with the new: Virtual versus physical crossmatching in the modern era.
Review in HLA, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Development and clinical implementation of a local automated kidney allocation platform integrating virtual crossmatch.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Machine learning enhanced immunologic risk assessments for solid organ transplantation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Early Effect of the Circular Model of Kidney Allocation in the United States.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2023Article
- Utilizing proficiency testing survey data to create advanced educational content: the virtual crossmatch challenge model.Frontiers in genetics · 2023Article
- Immunological considerations-HLA matching and management of high immunological risk recipients.Indian journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery · 2022Review
- Principles of Virtual Crossmatch Testing for Kidney Transplantation.Kidney international reports · 2022Review
- BSHI/BTS guidance on crossmatching before deceased donor kidney transplantation.International journal of immunogenetics · 2022Review
- Cutting through the weeds: Evaluation of a novel adsorption with crossmatch cells and elution protocol to sharpen HLA antibody identification by the single antigen bead assay.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- Trends and impact on cold ischemia time and clinical outcomes using virtual crossmatch for deceased donor kidney transplantation in the United States.Kidney international · 2021Article
- The causes and frequency of kidney allograft failure in a low-resource setting: observational data from Iraqi Kurdistan.BMC nephrology · 2021Observational
- Virtual Crossmatching in Kidney Transplantation, Shiraz Experience in Development of a Web-Based Program.International journal of organ transplantation medicine · 2021Article
- Autologous cell replacement: a noninvasive AI approach to clinical release testing.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Article
- Prozone phenomenon in pretransplant testing: An interesting conundrum involving solid-phase and cell-based assays.Asian journal of transfusion scienceArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The virtual crossmatch (VXM) is gaining acceptance as an alternative approach to assess donor:recipient compatibility prior to transplantation. In contrast to a physical crossmatch, the virtual crossmatch does not require viable donor cells but rather relies on complete HLA typing of the donor and current antibody assessment of the recipient. Thus, the VXM can be performed in minutes which allows for faster transplant decisions thereby increasing the likelihood that organs can be shipped across significant distances yet safely transplanted. Here, we present a brief review of the past 50 years of histocompatibility testing; from the original complement-dependent cytotoxicity crossmatch in 1969 to the new era of molecular HLA typing, solid-phase antibody testing and virtual crossmatching. These advancements have shaped a paradigm shift in our approach to transplantation. That is, foregoing a prospective physical crossmatch in favor of a VXM. In this review, we undertake an in-depth analysis of the pros- and cons- of physical and virtual crossmatching.Finally, we provide objective data on the selected use of the VXM which demonstrate the value of a VXM in lieu of the traditional physical crossmatch for safe and efficient organ transplantation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.