ArticleSexually transmitted infections2020
Aetiology and prevalence of mixed-infections and mono-infections in non-gonococcal urethritis in men: a case-control study.
Article in Sexually transmitted infections, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- German evidence- and consensus-based guideline on the management of penile urethritis.Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG · 2025Guideline
- Prevalence of semen abnormalities and the impact of genital pathogens on male infertility: a retrospective analysis of 131 183 patients.Asian journal of andrology · 2026Article
- Clinical Manifestations and Associated Disease States withOpen forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Guidelines and Diagnostic Assays forOpen forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Epidemiology of Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Ureaplasma urealyticum in males of andrology clinics in Nanjing, China: a 10 years retrospective study.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Noninvasive Monitoring of Humoral Immune Responses in Men With Acute Chlamydia trachomatis Urethral Infection Using First-Catch Urine.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Prevalence of Mycoplasma Penetrans in Urethral and Rectal Specimens from Men Attending an STI Clinic.Acta dermato-venereologica · 2025Article
- Characteristics of vaginal microbiota in pregnant women with cervical insufficiency and its association with adverse pregnancy outcomes.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Review
- Sexual behavior shapes male genitourinary microbiome composition.Cell reports. Medicine · 2023Article
- Characteristics of common pathogens of urogenital tract among outpatients in Shanghai, China from 2016 to 2021.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Article
- Is There Any Relationship betweenInterdisciplinary perspectives on infectious diseases · 2022Review
- Sexually transmitted pathogens causing urethritis: A mini-review and proposal of a clinically based diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Review
- Urethral Microbiota in Men: Association of Haemophilus influenzae and Mycoplasma penetrans With Nongonococcal Urethritis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- The effect of screening and treatment of Ureaplasma urealyticum infection on semen parameters in asymptomatic leukocytospermia: a case-control study.BMC urology · 2020Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectives
methodsWe identified 155 men with NGU and 103 controls. Behavioural and clinical information was obtained and men were tested for
resultsTwelve per cent of NGU cases in which a pathogen was identified had mixed infections, mostly UU coinfections with MG or CT; 27% had IU. In monoinfected NGU cases, 34% had CT, 17% had MG, 11% had UU and 2% had TV. In controls, pathogens were rarely identified, except for UU, which was present in 20%. Comparing cases and controls, NGU was associated with CT and MG monoinfections and mixed infections. UU monoinfection was not associated with NGU and was almost twice as prevalent in controls. Men in both the case and control groups who were younger and who reported no prior NGU diagnosis were more likely to have UU (OR 0.97 per year of age, 95% CI 0.94 to 0.998 and OR 6.3, 95% CI 1.4 to 28.5, respectively).
conclusionsMixed infections are common in men with NGU and most of these are UU coinfections with other pathogens that are well-established causes of NGU. UU monoinfections are not associated with NGU and are common in younger men and men who have never previously had NGU. Almost half of NGU cases are idiopathic.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.