ArticleAnnals of emergency medicine2020
Predictors of Overdose Death Among High-Risk Emergency Department Patients With Substance-Related Encounters: A Data Linkage Cohort Study.
Article in Annals of emergency medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predictive Models for Identifying Adult Patients at High Risk of Developing Opioid-Related Harms: a Systematic Review.Drug safety · 2025Pooled it
- Clinical Characteristics of Patients With and Without Chronic Pain Seeking Behavioral Health Treatment for Co-Occurring Opioid Use and Mental Health Disorders.Substance use & addiction journal · 2026Trial
- The effectiveness of the communities that HEAL intervention on reducing non-fatal opioid overdoses: A prespecified secondary analysis of a waitlist cluster control randomized controlled trial.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Trial
- Experiences of patients at high risk of opioid overdose accessing emergency department and behavioral health interventions: a qualitative analysis in an urban emergency department.BMC health services research · 2023Trial
- Comparison of persons who died of drug overdoses with and without evidence of hepatitis C, United States, 2019-2024.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Article
- Daily polysubstance use associated with HIV, HCV, and non-fatal overdose among people who inject drugs: A latent class analysis using nationwide data.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Article
- Service use and program-level impacts of a collaborative hospital-community emergency department diversion program for people experiencing alcohol and opioid intoxication.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2026Article
- A missed opportunity: receipt of medication for opioid use disorder in Southern California acute care settings.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2026Article
- Factors Associated with Primary Care, Behavioral Health, and Emergency Department Utilization Among Men with Opioid Use Disorder and Criminal-Legal Involvement: A Cross-Sectional Study.Research square · 2026Article
- A comparison of opioid overdose risk behaviors by race and ethnicity among overdose survivors in Boston, MA, and San Francisco, CA.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- A Comparison of Opioid Overdose Risk Behaviors by Race and Ethnicity Among Overdose Survivors in Boston, MA, and San Francisco, CA.Research square · 2026Article
- Imminent opioid overdose risk prediction using classical and machine learning survival models following first recorded opioid-related diagnosis: a prospective cohort study from theThe American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2026Article
- Pharmacotherapy and overdose risk following new opioid use disorder diagnosis among Medicaid beneficiaries.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2026Article
- Building connection: overdose survivors' and professional service providers' perspectives on immediate post-overdose care.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- Cross sectional multi-sample study of nonfatal overdose in adolescents and young adults in the fentanyl era.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Identifying emergency department patients at high risk for opioid overdose using natural language processing and machine learning.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2025Article
- Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with overdose among patients with a substance-related diagnosis in the emergency department of Southern California.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Predicting Fatal Drug Poisoning Among People Living with HIV-HCV Co-Infection.Canadian liver journal · 2025Article
- Evaluatıon of Depressıon and Anxıety Status in Patıents After Cardıac Devıce Implantatıon.Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology : the official journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc · 2025Article
- Early detection and prediction of non-fatal drug-related incidents and fatal overdose outbreaks using the Farrington algorithm.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
objectivePersons with substance use disorders frequently utilize emergency department (ED) services, creating an opportunity for intervention and referral to addiction treatment and harm-reduction services. However, EDs may not have the appropriate tools to distinguish which patients are at greatest risk for negative outcomes. We link hospital ED and medical examiner mortality databases in one state to identify individual-level risk factors associated with overdose death among ED patients with substance-related encounters.
methodsThis retrospective cohort study linked Maryland statewide ED hospital claims records for adults with nonfatal overdose or substance use disorder encounters in 2014 to 2015 with medical examiner mortality records in 2015 to 2016. Logistic regression was used to identify factors in hospital records associated with risk of opioid overdose death. Predicted probabilities for overdose death were calculated for hypothetical patients with different combinations of overdose and substance use diagnostic histories.
resultsA total of 139,252 patients had substance-related ED encounters in 2014 to 2015. Of these patients, 963 later experienced an opioid overdose death, indicating a case fatality rate of 69.2 per 10,000 patients, 6 times higher than that of patients who used the ED for any cause. Factors most strongly associated with death included having both an opioid and another substance use disorder (adjusted odds ratio 2.88; 95% confidence interval 2.04 to 4.07), having greater than or equal to 3 previous nonfatal overdoses (adjusted odds ratio 2.89; 95% confidence interval 1.54 to 5.43), and having a previous nonfatal overdose involving heroin (adjusted odds ratio 2.24; 95% confidence interval 1.64 to 3.05).
conclusionThese results highlight important differences in overdose risk among patients receiving care in EDs for substance-related conditions. The findings demonstrate the potential utility of incorporating routine data from patient records to assess risk of future negative outcomes and identify primary targets for initiation and linkage to lifesaving care.
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