Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31514763›Full record

ArticlePublic health nutrition2019

Nutrient composition of Australian fast-food and fast-casual children's meals available in 2016 and changes in fast-food meals between 2010 and 2016.

Lyndal Wellard-Cole, Astrid Hooper, Wendy L Watson, Clare Hughes

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Public health nutrition, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Article
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  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Lyndal Wellard-ColeNutrition Unit, Cancer Council NSW, 153 Dowling Street, Woolloomooloo, NSW 2011, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-1514-2135
Astrid HooperSchool of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, The University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
Wendy L WatsonNutrition Unit, Cancer Council NSW, 153 Dowling Street, Woolloomooloo, NSW 2011, Australia.
Clare HughesNutrition Unit, Cancer Council NSW, 153 Dowling Street, Woolloomooloo, NSW 2011, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveA quarter of Australian children are overweight or obese. Research conducted in 2010 found that fast-food children's meals were energy-dense and nutrient-poor. Since then, menu labelling and self-regulation of marketing have been introduced in Australia. The present study aimed to: (i) investigate the nutrient composition of children's meals offered at fast-food chains; (ii) compare these with children's daily requirements and recommendations and the food industry's own criteria for healthier children's meals; and (iii) determine whether results have changed since last investigated in 2010.

designAn audit of nutrition information for fast-food children's meals was conducted. Meals were compared with 30 % (recommended contribution for a meal) and 100 % of children's daily recommendations and requirements. A comparative analysis was conducted to determine if the proportion of meals that exceeded meal requirements and recommendations, and compliance with the food industry's own criteria, changed between 2010 and 2016.

settingLarge Australian fast-food chains.

participantsAll possible children's meal combinations.

resultsOverall, 289 children's meals were included. Most exceeded 30 % of daily recommendations and requirements for a 4-year-old's energy, saturated fat, sugars and Na. Results were also substantial for 8- and 13-year-olds, particularly for Na. When compared with mean energy and nutrient contents from 2010, there were minimal changes overall.

conclusionsChildren's meals can provide excess energy, saturated fat, sugar and Na to children's diets. Systematic reformulation of energy, saturated fat, sugars and Na would improve the nutrient composition of the meals.

Indexed as

AdolescentAustraliaChildChild, PreschoolDietFast FoodsFemaleHumansMaleNutrition PolicyNutritive ValueChildrenFast foodFood policyNutrient composition

Identifiers

PMID31514763
PMCPMC10260666

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.