ArticlePharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2019
The Impact of Childhood Maltreatment on Intravenous Ketamine Outcomes for Adult Patients with Treatment-Resistant Depression.
Article in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Early or recent trauma in treatment-resistant depression: a systematic review.CNS spectrums · 2025Pooled it
- Associations between hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hormone levels, major depression features and antidepressant effects of ketamine.Journal of affective disorders · 2025Trial
- Age-related moderation of adjunctive psychotherapy and early life stress effects on depression symptom reductions following ketamine treatment: Initial insights from a large, naturalistic sample.Journal of affective disorders · 2026Article
- Bridging early life trauma to difficult-to-treat depression: scoping review.BJPsych bulletin · 2025Review
- Nonresponse to Ketamine in Treatment-Resistant Bipolar Depression.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2025Observational
- Personalized use of ketamine and esketamine for treatment-resistant depression.Translational psychiatry · 2024Review
- The why, when, where, how, and so what of so-called rapidly acting antidepressants.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Review
- Transcriptional signatures of early-life stress and antidepressant treatment efficacy.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Treatment-resistant depression: definition, prevalence, detection, management, and investigational interventions.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2023Article
- Ketamine for Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: State of the Field.Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing) · 2023Review
- Ketamine and esketamine in suicidal thoughts and behaviors: a systematic review.Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2023Review
- Psychological Aspects of Child Maltreatment.Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society · 2022Article
- Ketamine for treatment of mood disorders and suicidality: A narrative review of recent progress.Annals of clinical psychiatry : official journal of the American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists · 2022Review
- Cytokine and Reward Circuitry Relationships in Treatment-Resistant Depression.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2022Article
- Oral S-ketamine effective after deep brain stimulation in severe treatment-resistant depression and extensive comorbidities.BMJ case reports · 2021Article
- Effects of Chronic Cannabidiol Treatment in the Rat Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Model of Depression.Biomolecules · 2020Article
- 2019: An Awesome Year forPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment is associated with a poor treatment response to conventional antidepressants and increased risk for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NDMAR) antagonist ketamine has been shown to rapidly improve symptoms of depression in patients with TRD. It is unknown if childhood maltreatment could influence ketamine's treatment response. We examined the relationship between childhood maltreatment using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and treatment response using the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms-Self Report (QIDS-SR) in TRD patients receiving intravenous ketamine at a community outpatient clinic. We evaluated treatment response after a single infusion (n = 115) and a course of repeated infusions (n = 63). Repeated measures general linear models and Bayes factor (BF) showed significant decreases in QIDS-SR after the first and second infusions, which plateaued after the third infusion. Clinically significant childhood sexual abuse, physical abuse, and cumulative clinically significant maltreatment on multiple domains (maltreatment load) were associated with better treatment response to a single and repeated infusions. After repeated infusions, higher load was also associated with a higher remission rate. In contrast to conventional antidepressants, ketamine could be more effective in TRD patients with more childhood trauma burden, perhaps due to ketamine's proposed ability to block trauma-associated behavioral sensitization.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.