ArticlePloS one2019
The epidemiological signature of influenza B virus and its B/Victoria and B/Yamagata lineages in the 21st century.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 108 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
108 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review on the incidence of influenza viruses in wastewater matrices: Implications for public health.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Comparisons in the Health and Economic Assessments of Using Quadrivalent Versus Trivalent Influenza Vaccines: A Systematic Literature Review.Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Influenza vaccines promote humoral and cellular immune responses: a randomized, double-blind, phase 3 trial.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Article
- Deciphering influenza B virus-derived peptides and their presentation by HLA class I molecules.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
- A neuraminidase-targeted nanobody confers broad protection against influenza B virus.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Epistasis facilitates the long-term antigenic evolution of the influenza B virus hemagglutinin.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Review
- Molecular and antigenic characteristics of the influenza B virus in Guangzhou, 2022-2023.Virology journal · 2026Article
- Influenza B virus suppression of Chromosome Y-linked genes increases pulmonary virus replication and disease severity in male mice.Research square · 2026Article
- Update on the Efficacy of Vaccination on Host Immunity to Influenza Virus Infection.International archives of allergy and immunology · 2026Review
- A single mutation in nonstructural protein 1 is critical for the adaptive evolution of influenza B virus.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Host-pathogen interaction in community-acquired pneumonia: a focus on the immune response.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Assessing CD8Clinical & translational immunology · 2026Article
- mRNA vaccine based on high-frequency prevalent antigens provides broad protection against influenza B virus.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Article
- Influenza A hemagglutinin virus-like particles confer protection against influenza B virus infection.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- A single mutation at position 214 of influenza B hemagglutinin enhances cross-neutralization.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Development of a broad-spectrum nasal live attenuated influenza vaccine based on mosaic antigen design against influenza B viruses.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Long-term retrospective analysis of seasonal influenza epidemic patterns in Southeastern Province of China: based on case reports, syndromic, and pathogenic surveillance.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
48 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
55 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We describe the epidemiological characteristics, pattern of circulation, and geographical distribution of influenza B viruses and its lineages using data from the Global Influenza B Study. We included over 1.8 million influenza cases occurred in thirty-one countries during 2000-2018. We calculated the proportion of cases caused by influenza B and its lineages; determined the timing of influenza A and B epidemics; compared the age distribution of B/Victoria and B/Yamagata cases; and evaluated the frequency of lineage-level mismatch for the trivalent vaccine. The median proportion of influenza cases caused by influenza B virus was 23.4%, with a tendency (borderline statistical significance, p = 0.060) to be higher in tropical vs. temperate countries. Influenza B was the dominant virus type in about one every seven seasons. In temperate countries, influenza B epidemics occurred on average three weeks later than influenza A epidemics; no consistent pattern emerged in the tropics. The two B lineages caused a comparable proportion of influenza B cases globally, however the B/Yamagata was more frequent in temperate countries, and the B/Victoria in the tropics (p = 0.048). B/Yamagata patients were significantly older than B/Victoria patients in almost all countries. A lineage-level vaccine mismatch was observed in over 40% of seasons in temperate countries and in 30% of seasons in the tropics. The type B virus caused a substantial proportion of influenza infections globally in the 21st century, and its two virus lineages differed in terms of age and geographical distribution of patients. These findings will help inform health policy decisions aiming to reduce disease burden associated with seasonal influenza.
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