ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2019
Informal genomic surveillance of regional distribution of Salmonella Typhi genotypes and antimicrobial resistance via returning travellers.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Presence of globally prominent multidrug-resistant genotypes ofMicrobial genomics · 2026Article
- Article
- Genomic characterization of Salmonella enterica isolates causing typhoid among Ghanaian patients.PloS one · 2026Article
- High prevalence of multi-drug resistant H58 Salmonella Typhi and emerging fluoroquinolone resistance among febrile children in Nairobi County, Kenya.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- The TyphiNET data visualisation dashboard: unlocking Salmonella Typhi genomics data to support public health.Genome medicine · 2025Article
- Epidemiological characteristics and trends of notified enteric fevers in Germany, 2001 to 2023.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2025Article
- Monitoring antimicrobial resistance trends from global genomics data: amr.watch.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Exploring SNP filtering strategies: the influence of strict vs soft core.Microbial genomics · 2025Article
- Genomic insights into the role of Salmonella Typhi carriers in antimicrobial resistance and typhoid transmission in Urban Kenya.PloS one · 2025Article
- The dynamics of blaScientific reports · 2024Article
- The origins of haplotype 58 (H58) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Predominance of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhi genotype 4.3.1 with low-level ciprofloxacin resistance in Zanzibar.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- An exploration of unusual antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in Salmonella Typhi from Blantyre, Malawi reveals the ongoing role of IncHI1 plasmids.Gates open research · 2024Article
- Prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility, and genomic analysis ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Genotypic Diversity amongInternational journal of clinical microbiology · 2024Article
- Salmonella Typhi whole genome sequencing in Rwanda shows a diverse historical population with recent introduction of haplotype H58.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Unlocking the Potential of Genomic Data to Inform Typhoid Fever Control Policy: Supportive Resources for Genomic Data Generation, Analysis, and Visualization.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Genomic Investigation ofMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Identification of Multiple Variant Extensively Drug-Resistant Typhoid Infections across Pakistan.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) is the causative agent of typhoid fever, a systemic human infection with a burden exceeding 20 million cases each year that occurs disproportionately among children in low and middle income countries. Antimicrobial therapy is the mainstay for treatment, but resistance to multiple agents is common. Here we report genotypes and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants detected from routine whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of 533 S. Typhi isolates referred to Public Health England between April 2014 and March 2017, 488 (92%) of which had accompanying patient travel information obtained via an enhanced surveillance questionnaire. The majority of cases involved S. Typhi 4.3.1 (H58) linked with travel to South Asia (59%). Travel to East and West Africa were associated with genotypes 4.3.1 and 3.3.1, respectively. Point mutations in the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR), associated with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones, were very common (85% of all cases) but the frequency varied significantly by region of travel: 95% in South Asia, 43% in East Africa, 27% in West Africa. QRDR triple mutants, resistant to ciprofloxacin, were restricted to 4.3.1 lineage II and associated with travel to India, accounting for 23% of cases reporting travel to the country. Overall 24% of isolates were MDR, however the frequency varied significantly by region and country of travel: 27% in West Africa, 52% in East Africa, 55% in Pakistan, 24% in Bangladesh, 3% in India. MDR determinants were plasmid-borne (IncHI1 PST2 plasmids) in S. Typhi 3.1.1 linked to West Africa, but in all other regions MDR was chromosomally integrated in 4.3.1 lineage I. We propose that routine WGS data from travel-associated cases in industrialised countries could serve as informal sentinel AMR genomic surveillance data for countries where WGS is not available or routinely performed.
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