Trial reportCornea2020
Efficacy of the Fluorescein Tear Breakup Time Test in Dry Eye.
Trial report in Cornea, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bridging the gap in managing dry eye disease: a consensus report by the Taiwan society of cataract and refractive surgeons.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Guideline
- Effect of Bioptron light therapy on dryness of eyes in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial.Lasers in medical science · 2026Trial
- The safety and tolerability of levodopa eye drops for the treatment of ocular disorders: A randomized first-in-human study.Clinical and translational science · 2022Trial
- Agreement Between Tear Film Tests Performed by Novice Examiners.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Article
- Meibomian Gland Outcome Measures in Dry Eye Treatment Trials.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Diagnostic Agreement Between Invasive and Non-invasive Assessments for Preoperative Dry Eye Disease Screening in Patients with Cataracts.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Article
- The Effect of Tear Film Stability on Variability of Posterior Corneal Curvature Readings with a Swept-Source Optical Biometer in Cataract Patients.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- The Meibomian Gland Composite Score (MGCS): A Novel Grading System Integrating Existing Scales for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction.Clinical optometry · 2026Article
- Cyclosporine A in the treatment of dry eye syndrome in patients with Sjögren's disease-a systematic review.EULAR rheumatology open · 2025Article
- Corneal changes in estrogen-dependent breast cancer after hormonal treatment.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Comparing Non-Invasive and Fluorescein Tear Break-Up Time in a Pre-Operative Refractive Surgery Population: Implications for Clinical Diagnosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Comparison of Postoperative Outcomes in 71 Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery at a Single Center with and Without Preoperative Keratostill Moisturizing Eye Drops.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Review
- Effect of different incisions on dry eye symptoms after cataract surgery in diabetic patients.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Efficacy of 1% Povidone-Iodine in the Treatment of Anterior Blepharitis-Randomized Single-Center Controlled Trial.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Localized Evaporative Cooling Explains Observed Ocular Surface-Temperature Patterns.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Multimodal Approach in Dry Eye Disease Combining In Vivo Confocal Microscopy and HLA-DR Expression.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
- The Influence of Tear Film Quality on Visual Function.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Agreement between invasive and noninvasive measurement of tear film breakup time.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Therapeutic benefits of glycerol in dry eye disease.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo examine the effects of volume and method on fluorescein tear breakup time (TBUT) values and to evaluate test efficacy in an independent sample free of selection bias.
methodsSubjects were assessed using a battery of dry eye tests (DETs). Efficacy study: Subjects were randomized to the DET, standard strip, and liquid NaFl on separate days. A masked examiner measured TBUTs from video recordings. Verification study: Subjects were investigated for efficacy using volumes of 5.0 and 2.0 μL mL of NaFl for TBUT.
resultsEfficacy study: 46 subjects completed the study. Log-transformed TBUTs were significantly different, normal subjects versus dry subjects, for all 3 methods (all P values < 0.001). Area under the curves (AUCs), cut-points, sensitivity, and specificity were 1) DET: 0.873, 4.4 seconds, 0.97, and 0.67, respectively; 2) 2.0 mL: 0.901, 3.22 seconds, 0.90, and 0.87, respectively; and 3) standard strip: 0.912, 3.42 seconds, 0.97, and 0.80, respectively. Verification study: Data splitting analysis for the 2.0 μL data (n = 174 dry subjects and 97 normal subjects) generated an AUC of 0.917 and a cut-point of 6.05 seconds for a sensitivity of 0.87 and a specificity of 0.81. The 5.0 μL sample yielded an AUC of 0.940, with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.92 and 0.83, respectively, at a cut-point of 5.5 seconds.
conclusionsLittle difference in TBUT was found using the 3 clinical methods with video recordings. Analysis using liquid NaFl suggests that the TBUT test has excellent diagnostic accuracy and that a cut-point of 5.3 to 6.0 seconds is the optimum to differentiate normals from persons with dry eye.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.