ReviewPain research & management2019
The Chinese Association for the Study of Pain (CASP): Consensus on the Assessment and Management of Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain.
Review in Pain research & management, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 38 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Use of a Non-medicated Plaster in Chronic Lumbar Back Pain.
Effects of ELDOA Technique Versus Lumbar SNAGS With Motor Control Exercises on Pain, Function and Mobility in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 104 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of discogenic low back pain: a meta-analysis.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluating the effectiveness of six exercise interventions for low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Pooled it
- The effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for low back pain in China: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- The clinical effect and safety of non-pharmacological Chinese medicine therapy in treating chronic nonspecific low back pain: a systematic review and network meta-analysis protocol.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Effectiveness of self-management of dry and wet cupping therapy for low back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Systematic review of guideline-recommended medications prescribed for treatment of low back pain.Chiropractic & manual therapies · 2022Pooled it
- Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy for Treating Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.BioMed research international · 2021Pooled it
- Clinical Efficacy of Multimodal Exercise Telerehabilitation Based on AI for Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2025Trial
- Analgesic efficacy of transcranial combined peripheral magnetic stimulation in chronic nonspecific low back pain: a fNIRS study.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Effects of monopolar pulsed-capacitive dielectric radiofrequency diathermy in patients with chronic low back pain: a randomised clinical trial.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Efficacy and safety of treating chronic nonspecific low back pain with radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT), rESWT combined with celecoxib and eperisone (C + E) or C + E alone: a prospective, randomized trial.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2021Trial
- Effects of Tuina in Patients With Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of primary care & community healthTrial
- French National Guidelines for the Appropriate Use of Opioids: Analgesia, Opioid Use Disorder, and Overdose Prevention-Part 1: Methodology and Pain Management.Pain and therapy · 2026Article
- Article
- Effects of Medical Ozone Injection via Intervertebral Foramen Epidural Space on Postherpetic Neuralgia: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled and Double-Blind Clinical Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Risk factors of chronic low back pain among Syrian patients: across- sectional study.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of low back pain for adults aged 55 and older 1990-2021: an analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- Physiotherapy Reduces Pain and Alters Fatty Acid Biomarkers in Women with Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain.International journal of women's health · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 14 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNLBP) is defined as pain or discomfort originating from the waist, which lasts for at least 12 weeks, but no radiculopathy or specific spinal diseases. CNLBP is a complicated medical problem and places a huge burden on healthcare systems. Clinical manifestation of CNLBP includes discogenic LBP, zygapophyseal joint pain, sacroiliac joint pain, and lumbar muscle strain. Further evaluation should be completed to confirm the diagnosis including auxiliary examination, functional assessment, and clinical assessment. The principle of the management is to relieve pain, restore function, and avoid recurrence. Treatment includes conservative treatment, minimally invasive treatment, and rehabilitation. Pharmacologic therapy is the first-line treatment of nonspecific LBP, and it is most widely used in clinical practice. Interventional therapy should be considered only after failure of medication and physical therapy. Multidisciplinary rehabilitation can improve physical function and alleviate short-term and long-term pain. The emphasis should be put on the prevention of NLBP and reducing relevant risk factors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.