ArticleScientific reports2019
Metabolism and biochemical properties of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) analogs, nicotinamide guanine dinucleotide (NGD) and nicotinamide hypoxanthine dinucleotide (NHD).
Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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19 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Next-Generation Minimally Invasive Anti-Aging Therapy: Incorporation of Resveratrol-Nicotinamide Cerosomes into PLGA Microneedles for Enhanced Skin Permeation.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Distinctive Gene Expression Profiles and Biological Responses of Skin Fibroblasts to Nicotinamide Mononucleotide: Implications for Longevity Effects on Skin.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- The Functional Role of Fungi and Bacteria in Sulfur Cycling During Kelp (Ecklonia Radiata) Degradation: Unconventional Use of PiCrust2.Environmental microbiology reports · 2025Article
- Role of Nicotinamide in the Pathogenesis of Actinic Keratosis: Implications for NADBiomolecules · 2024Article
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- A Novel Coenzyme A Analogue in the Anaerobic, Sulfate-Reducing, Marine Bacterium Desulfobacula toluolica Tol2Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2023Article
- Comparative evaluation of clinical glycemic control markers treated with imeglimin and its effect on erythrocytes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: study protocol of a single-arm, open-label, prospective, exploratory trial.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
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- Metabolic drift in the aging nervous system is reflected in human cerebrospinal fluid.Scientific reports · 2021Article
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- A decrease in NAMPT activity impairs basal PARP-1 activity in cytidine deaminase deficient-cells, independently of NADScientific reports · 2020Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an important coenzyme that regulates various metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, β-oxidation, and oxidative phosphorylation. Additionally, NAD serves as a substrate for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), sirtuin, and NAD glycohydrolase, and it regulates DNA repair, gene expression, energy metabolism, and stress responses. Many studies have demonstrated that NAD metabolism is deeply involved in aging and aging-related diseases. Previously, we demonstrated that nicotinamide guanine dinucleotide (NGD) and nicotinamide hypoxanthine dinucleotide (NHD), which are analogs of NAD, are significantly increased in Nmnat3-overexpressing mice. However, there is insufficient knowledge about NGD and NHD in vivo. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the metabolism and biochemical properties of these NAD analogs. We demonstrated that endogenous NGD and NHD were found in various murine tissues, and their synthesis and degradation partially rely on Nmnat3 and CD38. We have also shown that NGD and NHD serve as coenzymes for alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in vitro, although their affinity is much lower than that of NAD. On the other hand, NGD and NHD cannot be used as substrates for SIRT1, SIRT3, and PARP1. These results reveal the basic metabolism of NGD and NHD and also highlight their biological function as coenzymes.
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