ArticleScientific reports2019
E40, a novel microbial protease efficiently detoxifying gluten proteins, for the dietary management of gluten intolerance.
Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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30 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- The expanding role of protease therapeutics (2012-2026): from replacement therapies to immune system modulation and beyond.The Biochemical journal · 2026Review
- Targeted enzymatic therapy for coeliac disease.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Upcoming Treatments in Celiac Disease: From Luminal Enzymes to Oral Immune Tolerance.United European gastroenterology journal · 2026Review
- Exploring the potential of Lactobacillus rhamnosus as gluten-digesting bacteria.Irish journal of medical science · 2025Article
- Gluten Proteins: Beneficial Factors and Toxic Triggers in Human Health.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Is There a Future Without Gluten Restrictions for Celiac Patients? Update on Current Treatments.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Computational Screening and Experimental Evaluation of Wheat Proteases for Use in the Enzymatic Therapy of Gluten-Related Disorders.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Review Article: Novel Enzyme Therapy Design for Gluten Peptide Digestion Through Exopeptidase Supplementation.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2025Review
- Production, Purification, and Biochemical Characterization of a Novel ATP-Dependent Caseinolytic Protease from the Marine BacteriumMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Celiac Disease: The Importance of Studying the Duodenal Mucosa-Associated Microbiota.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Enhanced protein secretion in reduced genome strains of Streptomyces lividans.Microbial cell factories · 2024Article
- Bromelain-loaded nanocomposites decrease inflammatory and cytotoxicity effects of gliadin on Caco-2 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of celiac patients.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Bromelain and ficin proteolytic effects on gliadin cytotoxicity and expression of genes involved in cell-tight junctions in Caco-2 cells.Amino acids · 2023Article
- Article
- Human small-intestinal gluten-degrading bacteria and its potential implication in celiac disease.Journal of biosciences · 2023Article
- Celiac Disease and Possible Dietary Interventions: From Enzymes and Probiotics to Postbiotics and Viruses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Grains - a major source of sustainable protein for health.Nutrition reviews · 2022Review
- Analytical and functional approaches to assess the immunogenicity of gluten proteins.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Review
- How Metabolomics Provides Novel Insights on Celiac Disease and Gluten-Free Diet: A Narrative Review.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- E40 glutenase detoxification capabilities of residual gluten immunogenic peptides inFrontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gluten proteins are the causative agent of Celiac Disease (CD), a life-long food intolerance characterized by an autoimmune enteropathy. Inadvertent gluten exposure is frequent even in celiac patients complying with a gluten-free diet, and the supplementation of exogenous gluten-digestive enzymes (glutenases) is indeed a promising approach to reduce the risk of dietary gluten boost. Here we describe Endopeptidase 40, a novel glutenase discovered as secreted protein from the soil actinomycete Actinoallomurus A8, and its recombinant active form produced by Streptomyces lividans TK24. E40 is resistant to pepsin and trypsin, and active in the acidic pH range 3 to 6. E40 efficiently degrades the most immunogenic 33-mer as well as the whole gliadin proteins, as demonstrated by SDS-PAGE, HPLC, LC-MS/MS, and ELISA. T lymphocytes from duodenal biopsies of celiac patients showed a strongly reduced or absent release of IFN-γ when exposed to gluten digested with E40. Data in gastrointestinal simulated conditions suggest that no toxic peptides are freed during gluten digestion by E40 into the stomach to enter the small intestine, thus counteracting the intestinal inflammatory cascade to occur in CD patients. E40 is proposed as a novel candidate in Oral Enzymatic Therapy for the dietary management of gluten toxicity.
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