ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2019
Nutritional Therapy Modulates Intestinal Microbiota and Reduces Serum Levels of Total and Free Indoxyl Sulfate and P-Cresyl Sulfate in Chronic Kidney Disease (Medika Study).
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 127 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dietary interventions and the gut microbiota: a systematic literature review of 80 controlled clinical trials.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Pooled it
- The impact of dietary patterns on gut microbiota for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review.Nutrition journal · 2025Pooled it
- Meat Consumption and Gut Microbiota: a Scoping Review of Literature and Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials in Adults.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Pooled it
- Specific alterations in gut microbiota in patients with chronic kidney disease: an updated systematic review.Renal failure · 2021Pooled it
- Protein-bound uremic toxin lowering strategies in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of nephrology · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of Low Protein Diet on Modulating Gut Microbiota in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of International Studies.International journal of medical sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- Effects of Propolis Supplementation on Gut Microbiota and Uremic Toxin Profiles of Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis.Toxins · 2024Trial
- Novel probiotic preparation withMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Compositional and Functional Adaptations of Intestinal Microbiota and Related Metabolites in CKD Patients Receiving Dietary Protein Restriction.Nutrients · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Review
- Changes in gut microbiota composition following water kefir consumption in healthy adults.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The Role of Diet and Gut Microbiome in CKD Progression and Therapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Review
- Gut Microbiota and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Complex Interplay with Implications for Diagnosis and Treatment.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Gut-Kidney Axis: Unraveling the Role of the Microbiome in Chronic Kidney Disease.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Microbiota-Gut-Kidney Axis and Targeted Therapeutic Strategies in Kidney Diseases.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Chitosan Nanoparticles for Natural Antioxidant Delivery in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis Liver Disease (MASLD).International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In chronic kidney disease (CKD), the gut-microbiota metabolites indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulfate (PCS) progressively accumulate due to their high albumin-binding capacity, leading to clinical complications. In a prospective crossover controlled trial, 60 patients with CKD grades 3B-4 (GFR = 21.6 ± 13.2 mL/min) were randomly assigned to two dietary regimens: (i) 3 months of free diet (FD) (FD is the diet usually used by the patient before being enrolled in the Medika study), 6 months of very low protein diet (VLPD), 3 months of FD and 6 months of Mediterranean diet (MD); (ii) 3 months of FD, 6 months of MD, 3 months of FD, and 6 months of VLPD. VLPD reduced inflammatory Proteobacteria and increased Actinobacteria phyla. MD and VLPD increased some butyrate-forming species of Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Prevotellaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, and decrease the pathobionts Enterobacteriaceae. The increased level of potential anti-inflammatory
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.