ArticleCell reports2019
Organized Toe Maps in Extreme Foot Users.
Article in Cell reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Arm dominance is an emergent effect of practice executing complex trajectory shapes required by tools and objects.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- REM-sleep twitching in adults and the maintenance of specialized sensorimotor systems.Current biology : CB · 2026Review
- Structural neuroanatomy of human facial behaviors.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2024Article
- Sleep, plasticity, and sensory neurodevelopment.Neuron · 2022Review
- Are reaching and grasping effector-independent? Similarities and differences in reaching and grasping kinematics between the hand and foot.Experimental brain research · 2022Article
- Hyper-Adaptation in the Human Brain: Functional and Structural Changes in the Foot Section of the Primary Motor Cortex in a Top Wheelchair Racing Paralympian.Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2022Article
- Tactile distance anisotropy on the feet.Attention, perception & psychophysics · 2021Article
- Article
- Early life experience sets hard limits on motor learning as evidenced from artificial arm use.eLife · 2021Article
- Robotic hand augmentation drives changes in neural body representation.Science robotics · 2021Article
- Brain-Computer Interfaces for Communication: Preferences of Individuals With Locked-in Syndrome.Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · 2021Article
- Neural Plasticity in a French Horn Player with Bilateral Amelia.Neural plasticity · 2021Article
- Evidence for an effector-independent action system from people born without hands.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Spatiotemporal organization of myoclonic twitching in sleeping human infants.Developmental psychobiology · 2020Article
- Pandora's Box.BJPsych international · 2019Article
- Action Observation and Effector Independency.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2019Article
- AneNeuroArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Although the fine-grained features of topographic maps in the somatosensory cortex can be shaped by everyday experience, it is unknown whether behavior can support the expression of somatotopic maps where they do not typically occur. Unlike the fingers, represented in all primates, individuated toe maps have only been found in non-human primates. Using 1-mm resolution fMRI, we identify organized toe maps in two individuals born without either upper limb who use their feet to substitute missing hand function and even support their profession as foot artists. We demonstrate that the ordering and structure of the artists' toe representation mimics typical hand representation. We further reveal "hand-like" features of activity patterns, not only in the foot area but also similarly in the missing hand area. We suggest humans may have an innate capacity for forming additional topographic maps that can be expressed with appropriate experience.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.