Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31508839›Full record

ArticleInfant mental health journal2020

The My Emotions Questionnaire: A self-report of mothers' emotional responses to infant crying.

Esther M Leerkes, Jin Qu

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Infant mental health journal, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07249593 (Parental Recognition of Child Needs and Its Impact on Early Childhood Regulatory Problems), which is not on this map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07249593 active not recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Parental Recognition of Child Needs and Its Impact on Early Childhood Regulatory Problems

Typeobservational_patient_registrySponsorMarmara UniversityRan2025 to 2029Enrolled262ConditionsRegulation, Self, Reflective Functioning, Mentalization, Child Sleep
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Intergenerational transmission of emotionally responsive parenting via parenting-related emotion and cognition.Journal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43) · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Interactions between poor sleep and negative social cognition pose risk for lower maternal sensitivity.Journal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43) · 2024
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Esther M LeerkesHuman Development and Family Studies, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, North Carolina.
Jin QuPsychology Department, Clarion University of Pennsylvania, Clarion, Pennsylvania.

Funding

Origins of Maternal Sensitivity to Infant DistressR01HD058578 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA GREENSBORO · PI LEERKES, ESTHER M · 2009 to 2012
$1.5M
Identifying Genetic Risk for Maternal Insensitivity and Infant DysregulationR21HD073594 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA GREENSBORO · PI LEERKES, ESTHER M · 2013 to 2014
$389k
NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD058578NICHD NIH HHS R21 HD073594
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The purpose of this article was to examine the psychometrics of the My Emotions Questionnaire, a self-report designed to assess mothers' emotional reactions when their infants cry. Participants were 240 first-time mothers. When infants were 6 months and 1 year old, mothers completed the new questionnaire and measures assessing beliefs and behavioral responses to infant crying, and interview-based measures of mothers' emotional reactions and causal attributions about crying were administered. Maternal sensitivity and negative behaviors were observed when infants were 6 months and 1 and 2 years old. Mothers reported on their discipline practices when children were 2 years old. Five emotion factors emerged based on exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the 6-month data: Amusement, Anxiety, Frustration, Sympathy, and Protective. The five-factor structure was supported via a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the 1-year data. All scales demonstrated adequate internal consistency reliability and significant stability from 6 months to 1 year. Amusement, Frustration, and Protectiveness demonstrated the best convergent validity with cry cognitions and predictive validity to parenting measures, followed by Anxiety, although effects tended to be small to moderate. Evidence for the validity of Sympathy was less compelling. The potential utility of the questionnaire for basic and applied research is discussed.

Indexed as

AnxietyEmotionsAdultCryingFemaleHumansInfantMaleMaternal BehaviorMother-Child RelationsMothersParentingPsychometricsReproducibility of ResultsSelf Reportconfiabilidademociones maternasémotions maternellesfiabilitéinfant cryingllanto del infantematernal emotionsmütterliche GefühlePleurs du bébéReliabilitätreliabilitySäuglingsschreienvalidezValiditätvaliditévalidityالصحةالعواطف الاموميهالموثوقيةبكاء الرضع乳幼児の泣き声信頼性可靠度嬰兒哭泣效度有効性母親の情緒母親情感

Identifiers

PMID31508839
PMCPMC6986990

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.