SynthesisFrontiers in neuroscience2019
A Systematic Review of Paired Associative Stimulation (PAS) to Modulate Lower Limb Corticomotor Excitability: Implications for Stimulation Parameter Selection and Experimental Design.
Synthesis in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Improving hand function in chronic incomplete tetraplegia by high-PAS intervention with alternative equipment: a case report.Spinal cord series and cases · 2026Article
- Altered sensorimotor neuroplasticity in subacute patients with non-severe burn injury.Burns & trauma · 2026Article
- Electroencephalographic responses before, during, and after upper limb paired associative stimulation.Data in brief · 2025Article
- A Methodological Evaluation of Four Different Paired Associative Stimulation Paradigms in Healthy Controls.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Stable Enhancement of Corticospinal Excitability by the Combination of Paired Associative Stimulation and Interlimb Cortical Network.The European journal of neuroscience · 2025Article
- Classification of Kinematic and Electromyographic Signals Associated with Pathological Tremor Using Machine and Deep Learning.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Effects of combined treatment with transcranial and peripheral electromagnetic stimulation on performance and pain recovery from delayed onset muscle soreness induced by eccentric exercise in young athletes. A randomized clinical trial.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Article
- Research progress on the application of transcranial magnetic stimulation in spinal cord injury rehabilitation: a narrative review.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- Associative cued asynchronous BCI induces cortical plasticity in stroke patients.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2022Article
- Effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation on neurobiological changes in Alzheimer's disease (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2022Review
- The Combined Influences of Exercise, Diet and Sleep on Neuroplasticity.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Review
- Shaping plasticity with non-invasive brain stimulation in the treatment of psychiatric disorders: Present and future.Handbook of clinical neurology · 2022Review
- Investigating the Intervention Parameters of Endogenous Paired Associative Stimulation (ePAS).Brain sciences · 2021Article
- Induction of Neural Plasticity Using a Low-Cost Open Source Brain-Computer Interface and a 3D-Printed Wrist Exoskeleton.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Intra- and Inter-Rater Reliability of Manual Feature Extraction Methods in Movement Related Cortical Potential Analysis.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Peripheral Electrical Stimulation Paired With Movement-Related Cortical Potentials Improves Isometric Muscle Strength and Voluntary Activation Following Stroke.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2020Article
- The impact of TMS and PNS frequencies on MEP potentiation in PAS with high-frequency peripheral component.PloS one · 2020Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Non-invasive neuromodulatory interventions have the potential to influence neural plasticity and augment motor rehabilitation in people with stroke. Paired associative stimulation (PAS) involves the repeated pairing of single pulses of electrical stimulation to a peripheral nerve and single pulses of transcranial magnetic stimulation over the contralateral primary motor cortex. Efficacy of PAS in the lower limb of healthy and stroke populations has not been systematically appraised. Optimal protocols including stimulation parameter settings have yet to be determined. This systematic review (a) examines the efficacy of PAS on lower limb corticomotor excitability in healthy and stroke populations and (b) evaluates the stimulation parameters employed. Five databases were searched for randomized, non-randomized, and pre-post experimental studies evaluating lower limb PAS in healthy and stroke populations. Two independent reviewers identified eligible studies and assessed methodological quality using a modified Downs and Blacks Tool and the TMS Checklist. Intervention stimulation parameters and TMS measurement details were also extracted and compared. Twelve articles, comprising 24 experiments, met the inclusion criteria. Four articles evaluated PAS in people with stroke. Following a single session of PAS, 21 experiments reported modulation of corticomotor excitability, lasting up to 60 min; however, the research lacked methodological rigor. Intervention stimulation parameters were highly variable across experiments, and whilst these appeared to influence efficacy, variations in the intervention and outcome assessment methods hindered the ability to draw conclusions about optimal parameters. Lower limb PAS research requires further investigation before considering its translation into clinical practice. Eight key recommendations serve as guide for enhancing future research in the field.
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