SynthesisObesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity2021
Fast-food restaurant, unhealthy eating, and childhood obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 109 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
109 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Neighborhood Environments and Changes in Obesity and in Lifestyle Behaviors Among Children Enrolled in Obesity Management Interventions: A Systematic Review.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Pooled it
- Association of meteorological factors with allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Identifying Key Predictors of Mid-Childhood Obesity in a Population-Based Cohort Study: An Evidence Synthesis and Predictive Modeling Study.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025Pooled it
- Area-Level Factors of Dental Caries in Children and Adolescents in European Neighborhoods - a Systematic Review.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Exposome-Wide Association Study of Body Mass Index Using a Novel Meta-Analytical Approach for Random Forest Models.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Thought on Food: A Systematic Review of Current Approaches and Challenges for Food Intake Detection.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Pooled it
- Fast-food restaurant, unhealthy eating, and childhood obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2021Pooled it
- Natural environment and childhood obesity: A systematic review.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2021Pooled it
- Association between access to full-service restaurants and childhood obesity.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2021Pooled it
- Traffic-related environmental factors and childhood obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2021Pooled it
- Access to fruit and vegetable markets and childhood obesity: A systematic review.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- Exploring dietary patterns during school hours in Swedish adolescent student population, focusing on out-of-school eating and snacking: a repeated cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Parent-Child Concordance in Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Fast-Food Consumption: An Exploratory Study of Portuguese Families.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Genetic Determinants of Macronutrient Intake Are Associated With Specific Food Intake in Youth: A Cohort Study Across Childhood and Adolescence.Diabetes care · 2026Article
- Article
- Weight-loss practices and dietary quality in Chinese adolescents.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Area-level socioeconomic status and children's body weight: examining the role of unhealthy food environments.Nutrition journal · 2026Article
- Disparities of children's obesogenic environments in Louisiana.International journal of health geographics · 2026Article
49 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Excessive access to fast-food restaurants (FFRs) in the neighbourhood is thought to be a risk factor for childhood obesity by discouraging healthful dietary behaviours while encouraging the exposure to unhealthful food venues and hence the compensatory intake of unhealthy food option. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase for articles published until 1 January 2019 that analysed the association between access to FFRs and weight-related behaviours and outcomes among children aged younger than 18. Sixteen cohort studies and 71 cross-sectional studies conducted in 14 countries were identified. While higher FFR access was not associated with weight-related behaviours (eg, dietary quality score and frequency of food consumption) in most studies, it was commonly associated with more fast-food consumption. Despite that, insignificant results were observed for all meta-analyses conducted by different measures of FFR access in the neighbourhood and weight-related outcomes, although 17 of 39 studies reported positive associations when using overweight/obesity as the outcome. This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed a rather mixed relationship between FFR access and weight-related behaviours/outcomes among children and adolescents.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.