SynthesisSexually transmitted infections2020
HIV testing barriers and intervention strategies among men, transgender women, female sex workers and incarcerated persons in the Caribbean: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Sexually transmitted infections, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Counseling Supporting HIV Self-Testing and Linkage to Care Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence for community-based HIV testing on men's engagement in the HIV care cascade.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2022Pooled it
- Implementing women's sexual and reproductive health interventions in prisons: a realist review.BMJ open · 2026Review
- Finding Respect and Ending Stigma around HIV (FRESH) intervention in the Dominican Republic: results from a pilot study.BMC global and public health · 2025Article
- Expanded voluntary counselling and testing services in Türkiye: insights from an HIV model.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Temporal Trends and Characteristics of Community-Based HIV Testing: First Community-Based Testing Program Results of Men Who Had Sex with Men and Female Sex Workers in Haiti, 2015-2018.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- Access to HIV testing and factors associated among sexual minority women in a metropolitan region of the Brazilian Amazon.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Ethical Approach in Sharing HIV Test Results with Patients in Türkiye: Evaluation of Patient Impressions with Demographic Data.Sisli Etfal Hastanesi tip bulteni · 2025Article
- A citizen science approach to develop a digital intervention to reduce HIV stigma and promote HIV self-testing among adolescents and young adults: a mixed methods analysis from Kazakhstan.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2024Article
- The Association Between HIV-Related Stigma and the Uptake of HIV Testing and ART Among Older Adults in Rural South Africa: Findings from the HAALSI Cohort Study.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Leaving no one behind? Addressing inequitable HIV outcomes by attending to diversity: A qualitative study exploring the needs of LGBTQI+ young people living with HIV in Zimbabwe.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Evaluation of a video to promote HIV testing in sexual minorities.Revista brasileira de enfermagem · 2024Article
- Facilitators and barriers in HIV testing and continuum of care among migrant transgender women who are sex workers residing in Florence, Italy.International journal of transgender health · 2024Article
- Article
- Implementation Cascade of a Social Network-Based HIV Self-testing Approach for Men Who Have Sex With Men: Cross-sectional Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Article
- Stigmatizing and discriminatory attitudes toward people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) among general adult population: the results from the 6Journal of global health · 2023Article
- HIV treatment cascade among female sex workers in Ethiopia: Assessment against the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets.PloS one · 2023Article
- HIV testing and its associated factors among female sex workers in Iran in 2020: Finding from a respondent-driven sampling survey.PloS one · 2023Article
- Clinic-Integrated Mobile Health Intervention ("JomPrEP" App) to Improve Uptake of HIV Testing and Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Malaysia: Protocol for an Intervention Development and Multiphase Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2022Article
- Accessibility of HIV Services in Philadelphia: Location-Allocation Analysis.American journal of preventive medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThis systematic review summarises evidence on the HIV testing barriers and intervention strategies among Caribbean populations and provides pertinent implications for future research endeavours designed to increase rates of HIV testing in the region.
methodsWe used a systematic approach to survey all literature published between January 2008 and November 2018 using four electronic databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Global Health). Only peer-reviewed articles published in English that examined HIV testing uptake and interventions in the Caribbean with men, men who have sex with men, female sex workers, transgender women and incarcerated individuals were included.
resultsTwenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. Lack of confidentiality, access to testing sites, stigma, discrimination, poverty and low HIV risk perception were identified as key barriers to HIV testing. These barriers often contributed to late HIV testing and were associated with delayed treatment initiation and decreased survival rate. Intervention strategies to address these barriers included offering rapid HIV testing at clinics and HIV testing outreach by trained providers and peers.
conclusionHIV testing rates remain unacceptably low across the Caribbean for several reasons, including stigma and discrimination. Future HIV testing interventions should target places where at-risk populations congregate, train laypersons to conduct rapid tests and consider using oral fluid HIV self-testing, which allows individuals to test at home.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.