ArticleThe Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy2019
Effectiveness of extended- versus normal-release nitrofurantoin for cystitis: an instrumental variable analysis.
Article in The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Definitions and rates of treatment failure in females with uncomplicated urinary tract infection: a systematic literature review.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026Pooled it
- Nitrofurantoin for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection in female patients: the impact of dosing regimen, age, and renal function on drug exposure.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2023Article
- Antibiotic treatment failure of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in primary care.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2023Article
- Variation in Antibiotic Treatment Failure Outcome Definitions in Randomised Trials and Observational Studies of Antibiotic Prescribing Strategies: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Gasdermin D: A potential mediator and prognostic marker of bladder cancer.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIt is unknown whether nitrofurantoin 50 mg normal-release every 6 h (NF50) and nitrofurantoin 100 mg extended-release every 12 h (NF100) are equally effective for treating cystitis in primary care. In the Netherlands, GP prescription of either option largely depends on pharmacy procurement, rather than on patient-related factors.
methodsGP data between January 2013 and July 2018 were retrospectively collected. Inclusion criteria were the use of nitrofurantoin for uncomplicated cystitis, complicated cystitis or cystitis in pregnancy. Criteria for early and late failure were a second antibiotic prescription for cystitis or pyelonephritis within 14 and 28 days post-prescription, respectively. Crude and confounder-adjusted (CA) risk differences (RDs) were estimated using linear regression. Instrumental variable analysis and CA instrumental variable analysis used GP practice proportion of NF50 versus NF100 use as the instrumental variable.
resultsFor uncomplicated cystitis (n=46855), treatment with NF50 and NF100 resulted in late failure in 9.7% and 9.6%, respectively. The CA RD, instrumental variable RD and CA instrumental variable RD were 0.2% (95% CI=-0.5 to 0.8), -0.7% (95% CI=-1.7 to 0.3) and 0.0% (95% CI=-0.9 to 1.0), respectively. In complicated cystitis (n=10767), late failure occurred in 10.9% and 11.1% after using NF50 and NF100, respectively [CA RD=0.5% (95% CI=-1.2 to 1.8), instrumental variable RD=-0.8% (95% CI=-3.4 to 1.8) and CA instrumental variable RD=-0.3% (95% CI=-3.0 to 2.4)]. For cystitis in pregnancy (n=1087), NF50 and NF100 resulted in late failure in 13.4% and 7.8%, respectively [CA RD=-5.4% (95% CI=-10.0 to -1.4), instrumental variable RD=-8.9% (95% CI=-16.0 to -1.8) and CA instrumental variable RD=-8.9% (95% CI=-16.0 to -1.7)]. No differences were observed in early failure.
conclusionsIn patients with cystitis in pregnancy, NF100 was associated with a lower incidence of late clinical failure compared with NF50. We found no differences in clinical failure between NF50 and NF100 for uncomplicated and complicated cystitis.
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