Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31504549›Full record

ArticleInternational health2020

'I treat it but I don't know what this disease is': a qualitative study on noma (cancrum oris) and traditional healing in northwest Nigeria.

Elise Farley, Hussaina Muhammad Bala, Annick Lenglet, Ushma Mehta, Nura Abubakar, Joseph Samuel, Annette de Jong, Karla Bil, Bukola Oluyide, Adolphe Fotso and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Clinical Diagnosis of Acute Noma: Essential Infection Markers and Clinical Presentations.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Noma staging: a review.Tropical medicine and health · 2022
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Model of care, Noma Children's Hospital, northwest Nigeria.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2021
    Article
  10. Why is noma a neglected-neglected tropical disease?PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Elise FarleyMédecins Sans Frontières, Médecins Sans Frontières, Noma Children's Hospital, Mamarun Nufawa, Sokoto, Nigeria Sokoto, Nigeria.
Hussaina Muhammad BalaMédecins Sans Frontières, Médecins Sans Frontières, Noma Children's Hospital, Mamarun Nufawa, Sokoto, Nigeria Sokoto, Nigeria.
Annick LengletMédecins Sans Frontières, Plantage Middenlaan 14, 1018 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Ushma MehtaCentre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Rd, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa.
Nura AbubakarMédecins Sans Frontières, Médecins Sans Frontières, Noma Children's Hospital, Mamarun Nufawa, Sokoto, Nigeria Sokoto, Nigeria.
Joseph SamuelMédecins Sans Frontières, Médecins Sans Frontières, Noma Children's Hospital, Mamarun Nufawa, Sokoto, Nigeria Sokoto, Nigeria.
Annette de JongMédecins Sans Frontières, Plantage Middenlaan 14, 1018 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Karla BilMédecins Sans Frontières, Plantage Middenlaan 14, 1018 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Bukola OluyideMédecins Sans Frontières, Médecins Sans Frontières, Noma Children's Hospital, Mamarun Nufawa, Sokoto, Nigeria Sokoto, Nigeria.
Adolphe FotsoMédecins Sans Frontières, Médecins Sans Frontières, Noma Children's Hospital, Mamarun Nufawa, Sokoto, Nigeria Sokoto, Nigeria.
Beverley StringerMédecins Sans Frontières, Lower Ground Floor, Chancery Exchange, 10 Furnival Street, London, UK.
Julita Gil CuestaMédecins Sans Frontières-Operational Centre Brussels, Medical Department, 68 Rue de Gasperich, 1617, Luxembourg Operational Research Unit (LuxOR).
Emilie VenablesMédecins Sans Frontières-Operational Centre Brussels, Medical Department, 68 Rue de Gasperich, 1617, Luxembourg Operational Research Unit (LuxOR).

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNoma, a neglected disease mostly affecting children, with a 90% mortality rate if untreated, is an orofacial gangrene that disintegrates the tissues of the face in <1 wk. Noma can become inactive with early stage antibiotic treatment. Traditional healers, known as mai maganin gargajiya in Hausa, play an important role in the health system and provide care to noma patients.

methodsWe conducted 12 in-depth interviews with caretakers who were looking after noma patients admitted at the Noma Children's Hospital and 15 traditional healers in their home villages in Sokoto state, northwest Nigeria. We explored perceptions of noma, relationship dynamics, healthcare practices and intervention opportunities. Interviews were audiorecorded, transcribed and translated. Manual coding and thematic analysis were utilised.

resultsTraditional healers offered specialised forms of care for specific conditions and referral guidance. They viewed the stages of noma as different conditions with individualised remedies and were willing to refer noma patients. Caretakers trusted traditional healers.

conclusionsTraditional healers could play a crucial role in the early detection of noma and the health-seeking decision-making process of patients. Intervention programmes should include traditional healers through training and referral partnerships. This collaboration could save lives and reduce the severity of noma complications.

Indexed as

Health Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeMedicine, African TraditionalAdultChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHealth PersonnelHumansInfantMaleMiddle AgedNigeriaNomaQualitative ResearchReferral and ConsultationYoung Adultcancrum orisnomaoperational researchtraditional healerstraditional healing

Identifiers

PMID31504549
PMCPMC6964223

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.