ArticleInternational journal of epidemiology2019
Assessing causal links between metabolic traits, inflammation and schizophrenia: a univariable and multivariable, bidirectional Mendelian-randomization study.
Article in International journal of epidemiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Circulating inflammatory proteins associated with risks of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder: a mendelian randomization study.Translational psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Shared genetic components between metabolic syndrome and schizophrenia: Genetic correlation using multipopulation data sets.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2022Pooled it
- Global assessment of C-reactive protein and health-related outcomes: an umbrella review of evidence from observational studies and Mendelian randomization studies.European journal of epidemiology · 2021Pooled it
- Machine learning-based integration identifies a 10-gene predictive signature and its classification patterns in schizophrenia.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Estimating causal effects of C-reactive protein on disease and health outcomes using multivariable Mendelian randomization adjusting for heritable confounding.International journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Causal links among gut microbiota, immune-inflammatory and compensatory immune-regulatory systems, and schizophrenia.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
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- Very low-density lipoprotein and the human health.World journal of experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Exploring the Causal Links Between Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Risk of Brain Tumors: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Epstein-Barr virus-related antibody traits and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2026Article
- Insights into the effects of gut microbiota and circulating metabolites on oral cancer: Mendelian randomization analysis and clinical validation.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Uncovering the mediating role of CSF metabolites in the gut microbiota-glioblastoma axis via causal mediation analysis.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Adiposity and the first-onset of diagnosed mental illnesses: a population-based cohort study of 10 million UK adults.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Integrative evidence for causal links between gut microbiota and Schizophrenia: A Mendelian randomization and 16S rRNA study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Use of bidirectional Mendelian randomization to unveil the association of Helicobacter pylori infection and pancreatic cancer.Medicine · 2025Article
- Causal effects of antibody-mediated immune responses on myocarditis: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Medicine · 2025Article
- Gut microbiota and blood metabolites: unveiling their roles in hippocampal volume changes through Mendelian randomization and mediation analysis.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Article
- Use of bidirectional Mendelian randomization to unveil the association ofScience advances · 2024Article
- Genetic evidence for causal effects of immune dysfunction in psychiatric disorders: where are we?Translational psychiatry · 2024Review
- Causal relationships between blood lipids and major psychiatric disorders: Univariable and multivariable mendelian randomization analysis.BMC medical genomics · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBlood immunoreactive biomarkers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), and metabolic abnormalities have been associated with schizophrenia. Studies comprehensively and bidirectionally probing possible causal links between such blood constituents and liability to schizophrenia are lacking.
methodsTo disentangle putative causal links between CRP blood levels and schizophrenia in both directions, we conducted multiple univariable Mendelian-randomization (MR) analyses, ranging from fixed-effect to inverse variance-weighted (IVW), weighted-median, MR Egger and generalized summary-data-based Mendelian-randomization (GSMR) models. To prioritize metabolic risk factors for schizophrenia, a novel multivariable approach was applied: multivariable Mendelian-randomization-Bayesian model averaging (MR-BMA).
resultsAll forward univariable MR analyses consistently showed that CRP has a protective effect on schizophrenia, whereas reverse MR analyses consistently suggested absent causal effects of schizophrenia liability on CRP blood levels. Using MR-BMA, as the top protective factors for schizophrenia we prioritized leucine and as the prime risk-factor triglycerides in medium very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). The five best-performing MR-BMA models provided one additional risk factor: triglycerides in large VLDL; and two additional protective factors: citrate and lactate.
conclusionsOur results add to a growing body of literature hinting at metabolic changes-in particular of triglycerides-independently of medication status in schizophrenia. We also highlight the absent effects of genetic liability to schizophrenia on CRP levels.
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