Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31504131›Full record

ArticleAnnals of botany2020

Constructing functional cuticles: analysis of relationships between cuticle lipid composition, ultrastructure and water barrier function in developing adult maize leaves.

Richard Bourgault, Susanne Matschi, Miguel Vasquez, Pengfei Qiao, Annika Sonntag, Caleb Charlebois, Marc Mohammadi, Michael J Scanlon, Laurie G Smith, Isabel Molina

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Annals of botany, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
39citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

39 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
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  9. Article
  10. Investigating Morphological and Physiological Responses to Stress inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Cuticular Waxes and Cutin inMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
    Article
  16. Kinetics of Lipophilic Pesticide Uptake by Living Maize.ACS agricultural science & technology · 2023
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Richard BourgaultDepartment of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada.
Susanne MatschiSection of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Miguel VasquezSection of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Pengfei QiaoPlant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
Annika SonntagDepartment of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada.
Caleb CharleboisDepartment of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada.
Marc MohammadiDepartment of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada.
Michael J ScanlonPlant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
Laurie G SmithSection of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Isabel MolinaDepartment of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada.

Funding

JEOL JEM-1400Plus Transmission Electron MicroscopeS10OD023527 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI FARQUHAR, MARILYN GIST · 2017 to 2017
$579k
NIH HHS S10 OD023527
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

aimsPrior work has examined cuticle function, composition and ultrastructure in many plant species, but much remains to be learned about how these features are related. This study aims to elucidate relationships between these features via analysis of cuticle development in adult maize (Zea mays L.) leaves, while also providing the most comprehensive investigation to date of the composition and ultrastructure of adult leaf cuticles in this important crop plant.

methodsWe examined water permeability, wax and cutin composition via gas chromatography, and ultrastructure via transmission electron microscopy, along the developmental gradient of partially expanded adult maize leaves, and analysed the relationships between these features. KEY

resultsThe water barrier property of the adult maize leaf cuticle is acquired at the cessation of cell expansion. Wax types and chain lengths accumulate asynchronously over the course of development, while overall wax load does not vary. Cutin begins to accumulate prior to establishment of the water barrier and continues thereafter. Ultrastructurally, pavement cell cuticles consist of an epicuticular layer, and a thin cuticle proper that acquires an inner, osmiophilic layer during development.

conclusionsCuticular waxes of the adult maize leaf are dominated by alkanes and alkyl esters. Unexpectedly, these are localized mainly in the epicuticular layer. Establishment of the water barrier during development coincides with a switch from alkanes to esters as the major wax type, and the emergence of an osmiophilic (likely cutin-rich) layer of the cuticle proper. Thus, alkyl esters and the deposition of the cutin polyester are implicated as key components of the water barrier property of adult maize leaf cuticles.

Indexed as

WaterZea maysPlant EpidermisPlant LeavesWaxesWaterWaxescuticle ontogenycuticle ultrastructureCuticular waxcutinleaf developmentmaizeZea mays

Identifiers

PMID31504131
PMCPMC6948203

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.