ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2019
Folate status in the US population 20 y after the introduction of folic acid fortification.
Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05935631 (Feasibility, Acceptability and Directional Signal Effect on Blood Folate Levels of Iodized Salt Fortified With Folic Acid), which is not on this map. Cited by 54 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Feasibility, Acceptability and Directional Signal Effect on Blood Folate Levels of Iodized Salt Fortified With Folic Acid: Clinical Study
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Consumption of folic acid fortified foods among Hispanic women of reproductive age in the US: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Prenatal Folic Acid Supplements and Offspring's Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-analysis and Meta-regression.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2022Pooled it
- Dolutegravir- Versus Efavirenz-Based Treatment in Pregnancy: Impact on Red Blood Cell Folate Concentrations in Pregnant Women and Their Infants.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- Maternal serum unmetabolized folic acid concentration following multivitamin and mineral supplementation with or without folic acid after 12 weeks gestation: A randomized controlled trial.Maternal & child nutrition · 2024Trial
- Feasibility of dietary folic acid reduction intervention for men on active surveillance for prostate cancer.Clinical nutrition ESPEN · 2021Trial
- Prevalence and Predictors of Folate Deficiency in Patients with Celiac Disease.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Article
- Associations between Red Blood Cell Folate Forms and Demographic, Physiologic, and Lifestyle Factors in the United States Population: Cross-Sectional Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey August 2021-August 2023.Current developments in nutrition · 2026Article
- The relationship between vitamin B9 (folate) supplementation and suicidality: a scoping review.The mental health clinician · 2026Review
- Population-Level Changes in Folate, Iodine, and Vitamin D Status over More than 20 Years: Biomarker Data from the Cross-Sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1999-2000 through August 2021-August 2023).Current developments in nutrition · 2026Article
- The Prevalence of Nutritional Imbalances in the US Population Over Time: Biomarker Data from the Cross-Sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1999-2000 through August 2021-August 2023).Current developments in nutrition · 2026Article
- Prediabetes, diabetes, and folate status among United States women of reproductive age: NHANES 2011-March 2020.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Maternal Overnutrition and Fetal Programming: Long-Term Metabolic, Cognitive, and Epigenetic Consequences.Cells · 2026Review
- What is "healthy" food? A cross-sectional evaluation of foods and beverages consumed by United States adults that satisfy the United States Food and Drug Administration's updated "healthy" claim criteria.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Nicotine consumption and folate insufficiency in pregnancy: a population-based cross-sectional study.The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians · 2025Article
- Folate.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Article
- Folate intake, tissue levels, and colorectal cancer deaths in a national cohort established before folic acid fortification.European journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Biological, dietetic and pharmacological properties of vitamin BNPJ science of food · 2025Review
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- Associations between leukocyte telomere length and three measures of folate status: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES 1999-2002.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEnriched cereal-grain products have been fortified in the United States for >20 y to improve folate status in women of reproductive age and reduce the risk of folic acid-responsive neural tube birth defects (NTDs).
objectivesOur objectives were to assess postfortification changes in folate status in the overall US population and in women aged 12-49 y and to characterize recent folate status by demographic group and use of folic acid-containing supplements.
methodsWe examined cross-sectional serum and RBC folate data from the NHANES 1999-2016.
resultsSerum folate geometric means increased from 2007-2010 to 2011-2016 in persons aged ≥1 y (38.7 compared with 40.6 nmol/L) and in women (35.3 compared with 37.0 nmol/L), whereas RBC folate showed no significant change. Younger age groups, men, and Hispanic persons showed increased serum and RBC folate concentrations, whereas non-Hispanic black persons and supplement nonusers showed increased serum folate concentrations. The folate insufficiency prevalence (RBC folate <748 nmol/L; NTD risk) in women decreased from 2007-2010 (23.2%) to 2011-2016 (18.6%) overall and in some subgroups (e.g., women aged 20-39 y, Hispanic and non-Hispanic black women, and supplement nonusers). After covariate adjustment, RBC folate was significantly lower in all age groups (by ∼10-20%) compared with persons aged ≥60 y and in Hispanic (by 8.2%), non-Hispanic Asian (by 12.1%), and non-Hispanic black (by 20.5%) compared with non-Hispanic white women (2011-2016). The 90th percentile for serum (∼70 nmol/L) and RBC (∼1800 nmol/L) folate in supplement nonusers aged ≥60 y was similar to the geometric mean in users (2011-2014).
conclusionsBlood folate concentrations in the US population overall and in women have not decreased recently, and folate insufficiency rates are ∼20%. Continued monitoring of all age groups is advisable given the high folate status particularly in older supplement users.
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