ArticleBehavior genetics2019
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Different Forms of Bullying Perpetration, Bullying Victimization, and Their Co-occurrence.
Article in Behavior genetics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Genetic and environment influences on childhood victimization: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Vulnerability to bullying victimization: an investigation of genetic and environmental risk factors in a twin-family study.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Article
- The Analysis of the Correlations Between Bullying Perpetration, Victimization, and Assertive Behavior Among Primary School Students in Romania.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Relations Between Social Media Use and Cyberbullying Victimization Across Adolescence: Within-Person Effects in a Birth Cohort.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2026Article
- Peer Victimization in Childhood and Timing of Substance Use Initiation: Evidence from a Twin Study.Behavior genetics · 2025Article
- Association between bullying victimization and obsessive-compulsive disorder: a population-based, genetically informative study.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Immersive virtual reality as a novel approach to investigate the association between adverse events and adolescent paranoid ideation.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025Article
- Are there negative cycles of peer victimization and rejection sensitivity? Testing ri-CLPMs in two longitudinal samples of young adolescents.Development and psychopathology · 2024Article
- A cross-lagged twin study of emotional symptoms, social isolation and peer victimisation from early adolescence to emerging adulthood.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2023Article
- A Polygenic Approach to Understanding Resilience to Peer Victimisation.Behavior genetics · 2022Article
- Bullying at school and mental health problems among adolescents: a repeated cross-sectional study.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2021Article
- How Teachers Deal with Cases of Bullying at School: What Victims Say.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Patterns of Bullying Victimization and Associations with Mental Health Problems in Chinese Adolescents: A Latent Class Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Influence of Personality Traits and Its Interaction with the Phenomenon of Bullying: Multi-Centre Descriptive Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Bullying Perpetration and Depressive Symptoms: A Causal Investigation of TwinLife Data.Clinical psychology & psychotherapyArticle
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bullying comes in different forms, yet most previous genetically-sensitive studies have not distinguished between them. Given the serious consequences and the high prevalence of bullying, it is remarkable that the aetiology of bullying and its different forms has been under-researched. We present the first study to investigate the genetic architecture of bullying perpetration, bullying victimization, and their co-occurrence for verbal, physical and relational bullying. Primary-school teachers rated 8215 twin children on bullying perpetration and bullying victimization. For each form of bullying, we investigated, through genetic structural equation modelling, the genetic and environmental influences on being a bully, a victim or both. 34% of the children were involved as bully, victim, or both. The correlation between being a bully and being a victim varied from 0.59 (relational) to 0.85 (physical). Heritability was ~ 70% for perpetration and ~ 65% for victimization, similar in girls and boys, yet both were somewhat lower for the relational form. Shared environmental influences were modest and more pronounced among girls. The correlation between being a bully and being a victim was explained mostly by genetic factors for verbal (~ 71%) and especially physical (~ 77%) and mostly by environmental factors for relational perpetration and victimization (~ 60%). Genes play a large role in explaining which children are at high risk of being a victim, bully, or both. For victimization this suggests an evocative gene-environment correlation: some children are at risk of being exposed to bullying, partly due to genetically influenced traits. So, genetic influences make some children more vulnerable to become a bully, victim or both.
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