ArticleNature biotechnology2019
Data storage in DNA with fewer synthesis cycles using composite DNA letters.
Article in Nature biotechnology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 63 papers.
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Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed.
- DNA Data Storage Architecture via Ligation of Dynamic DNA Bytes.Small methods · 2026Article
- ZAT-DNA enables DNA data storage with molecular-layer non-replicability.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Modeling DNA storage retrieval reliability via sequencing coverage depth.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2026Article
- Large-Scale Distribution of Physical Data Using DNA-of-Things Technology in Newspaper Printing.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Photoresponsive DNA steganography for secure information transmission by nanopore.National science review · 2026Article
- Comparison of state-of-the-art error-correction coding for sequence-based DNA data storage.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Error characterization and error correction approaches in combinatorial DNA-based storage.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- DNA diamond formulates a decomposable composite letter constellation model for DNA data storage.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Liquid crystal-guided DNA information storage: Nondestructive recovery and long-term preservation.Science advances · 2025Article
- Achieving handle-level random access in an encrypted DNA archival storage system via frequency dictionary mapping coding.Patterns (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Dna-storalator: a computational simulator for DNA data storage.BMC bioinformatics · 2025Article
- Exploring the intersection of natural sciences and information technology via entropy and randomness.Nature communications · 2025Review
- Composite Mapping for Peptide-Based Data Storage with Higher Coding Density and Fewer Synthesis Cycles.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Sequence analysis and decoding with extra low-quality reads for DNA data storage.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- DP-ID: Interleaving and Denoising to Improve the Quality of DNA Storage Image.Interdisciplinary sciences, computational life sciences · 2025Article
- Towards next-generation DNA encryption via an expanded genetic system.National science review · 2025Article
- Cost-Effective DNA Storage System with DNA Movable Type.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- A practical DNA data storage using an expanded alphabet introducing 5-methylcytosine.GigaByte (Hong Kong, China) · 2025Article
- Composite Hedges Nanopores codec system for rapid and portable DNA data readout with high INDEL-Correction.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Levy Sooty Tern Optimization Algorithm Builds DNA Storage Coding Sets for Random Access.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The density and long-term stability of DNA make it an appealing storage medium, particularly for long-term data archiving. Existing DNA storage technologies involve the synthesis and sequencing of multiple nominally identical molecules in parallel, resulting in information redundancy. We report the development of encoding and decoding methods that exploit this redundancy using composite DNA letters. A composite DNA letter is a representation of a position in a sequence that consists of a mixture of all four DNA nucleotides in a predetermined ratio. Our methods encode data using fewer synthesis cycles. We encode 6.4 MB into composite DNA, with distinguishable composition medians, using 20% fewer synthesis cycles per unit of data, as compared to previous reports. We also simulate encoding with larger composite alphabets, with distinguishable composition deciles, to show that 75% fewer synthesis cycles are potentially sufficient. We describe applicable error-correcting codes and inference methods, and investigate error patterns in the context of composite DNA letters.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.