ReviewNature reviews. Urology2019
The multifaceted immune regulation of bladder cancer.
Review in Nature reviews. Urology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 123 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
123 citing papers in PubMed, 257 citations in OpenAlex.
- TP53 mutation-biased CD8British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- An Intravesical Akkermansia muciniphila-Based Chemo-Immunotherapeutic Platform for Bladder Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Multi-dimensional profiling of lactylation-related signatures for prognostic and therapeutic insights in bladder cancer.Cancer cell international · 2026Article
- Genome-wide transcriptional profiling identifies molecular markers associated with early carcinogenesis in high-grade bladder cancer.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Identify the PANoptosis signature and prognostic model via a multimachine-learning computational framework for bladder urothelial carcinoma.Cancer cell international · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of resistance to antibody-drug conjugates in bladder cancer.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Traditional Chinese medicine in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a scoping review of syndrome characteristics and critical synthesis of pharmacological and mechanistic evidence.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Tumor-derived lactate fuels the STAT3-LCN2 pathway to promote bladder cancer malignancy and chemoresistance.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Metformin as an anti-cancer agent against bladder cancer acts via PD-L1 downregulation in an orthotopic mouse model.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- COL6A1 Inhibits the Malignant Development of Bladder Cancer by Regulating FBN1.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2025Article
- Investigating the Genetic Links Between Immune Cell Profiles and Bladder Cancer: A Multidisciplinary Bioinformatics Approach.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Asparagine drives immune evasion in bladder cancer via RIG-I stability and type I IFN signaling.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- The interplay between angiogenesis-associated genes and molecular, clinical, and immune features in bladder cancer.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- An Unusual Presentation of Bladder Carcinoma in a Visceral Hernia: A Case Report and Literature Review.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Review
- FAM174B remodels the tumor microenvironment, inhibits the infiltration of macrophage, predicts the molecular subtype and therapeutic response of bladder cancer.International journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Regulatory T cells in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: Immune modulators, prognostic markers, and therapeutic targets.Central European journal of urology · 2025Review
- Article
- Detection of spontaneous anti-neoepitope T-cell responses in non-metastatic bladder cancer patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The CD8PeerJ · 2025Article
- Advances in the immunological microenvironment and immunotherapy of bladder cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
63 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bladder cancer is an important public health concern owing to its prevalence, high recurrence risk and treatment failures. Maintaining the equilibrium between prompt and effective immunity and an excessive and protracted immune response is critical for successful immune defence. This delicate balance is ensured by intrinsic or extrinsic immunoregulatory mechanisms. Intrinsic control of immune cell activation is mediated by stimulatory and inhibitory receptors expressed on the effector cell itself, whereas extrinsic control is mediated via other immune cells by cell-cell contact and/or secretion of inhibitory factors. Tumours can exacerbate these immunosuppressive pathways, fostering a tolerant microenvironment. These mechanisms have previously been poorly described in urothelial carcinoma, but a growing body of evidence highlights the key role of immune regulation in bladder cancer. This process includes immune checkpoints (mostly programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1)), as well as regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, tumour-associated macrophages and type 2 innate and adaptive lymphocytes. For each component, quantitative and qualitative alterations, clinical relevance and potential targeting strategies are currently being explored. An improved understanding of immune regulation pathways in bladder cancer development, recurrence and progression will help in the design of novel diagnostic and prognostic tools as well as treatments.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.