ArticleAnnals of the rheumatic diseases2019
Gout, Hyperuricaemia and Crystal-Associated Disease Network (G-CAN) consensus statement regarding labels and definitions of disease states of gout.
Abstract readConsensus Statement
In one paragraph
Article in Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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51citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Multidimensional therapeutic advantages ofFrontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Risk of myocardial infarction and heart failure in gout patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2025Pooled it
- 2023 EULAR recommendations on imaging in diagnosis and management of crystal-induced arthropathies in clinical practice.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2024Guideline
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for acute gout.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Evaluation of the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Efficacy of Subcutaneous Firsekibart in Gout: A Phase Ib/II Clinical Trial.International journal of rheumatic diseases · 2026Trial
- Baseline Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Urate Volume Predicts Fulfillment of Gout Remission After Two Years of Urate-Lowering Therapy.Arthritis care & research · 2024Trial
- Introducing Allopurinol to the Medical Treatment of Marfan Syndrome: Advantages, Limitations, and Potential Extension to other Aortopathies.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2026Review
- Dual Roles of Free Fatty Acids in Gout Pathogenesis: Inflammatory Drivers and Metabolic Mediators.International journal of rheumatic diseases · 2026Review
- Article
- The comprehensive role of dual-energy CT in gout as an advanced diagnostic innovation.Skeletal radiology · 2025Review
- Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and the risk of gout: a UK Biobank prospective cohort study.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Firsekibart Compared to Etoricoxib for Gout Flares: A Phase 2, Multicenter, Open-label, Active-controlled, Randomized Non-inferiority Trial.Rheumatology and therapy · 2025Article
- Systemic inflammation in asymptomatic hyperuricaemia with sonographic crystal deposits, including a comparison with normouricaemia and gout.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Impact of gout flare on health-related quality of life: a multi-center cross-sectional study in Thailand.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
- Innovative modeling: a diet-induced quail model for progressive pathological changes in uric acid metabolism disorders.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Association between advanced lung cancer inflammation index and acute gouty arthritis in Dalian, China: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Hyperuricemia and its related diseases: mechanisms and advances in therapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Review: The Role of Dual-Energy Computed Tomography in Detecting Monosodium Urate Deposits in Vascular Tissues.Current rheumatology reports · 2024Review
- Projected Health and Economic Burden of Comorbid Gout and Chronic Kidney Disease in a Virtual US Population: A Microsimulation Study.Rheumatology and therapy · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
79 authors.
David BursillDepartment of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia davebursill@bigpond.com.ORCID 0000-0002-3997-8095
William J TaylorDepartment of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.
Robert TerkeltaubDepartment of Rheumatology, UCSD/ VA Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA.
Abhishek AbhishekDepartment of Academic Rheumatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Alexander K SoDepartment of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Service de RMR, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Ana Beatriz Vargas-SantosDepartment of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0001-5307-0254
Angelo Lino GaffoDepartment of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7365-7212
Ann RosenthalDivision of Rheumatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
Anne-Kathrin TauscheDepartment of Rheumatology, University Hospital 'Carl Gustav Carus' of the Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Anthony ReginatoDivision of Rheumatology, The Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
Bernhard MangerRheumatology and Immunology, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
Carlo SciréSection of Rheumatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
Carlos PinedaDepartment of Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City, Mexico.
Caroline van DurmeDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Ching-Tsai LinDivision of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
Congcong YinDepartment of Immunology and Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
Daniel Arthur AlbertDepartment of Rheumatology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.
Edyta Biernat-KaluzaOutpatient Rheumatology Clinic, Nutritional and Lifestyle Medicine Centre, ORLIK, Warsaw, Poland.
Edward RoddyResearch Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-8954-7082
Eliseo PascualDepartment of Rheumatology, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
Fabio BecceDepartment of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-8444-8504
Fernando Perez-RuizRheumatology Division, Cruces University Hospital, Baracaldo, Spain.
Francisca SiveraDepartment of Rheumatology, Hospital General Universitario Elda, Elda, Spain.
Frédéric LiotéDepartment of Rhumatologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
Georg SchettDepartment of Internal Medicine III, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitatsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-8740-9615
George NukiInsititute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Georgios FilippouSection of Rheumatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-1647-2083
Geraldine McCarthyDepartment of Rheumatology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
Geraldo da Rocha Castelar PinheiroDepartment of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Hang-Korng EaDepartment of Rheumatology, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France.
Helena De Almeida TupinambáRheumatology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Hisashi YamanakaInstitute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Hyon K ChoiSection of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
James MackayPresident and CEO, Aristea Therapeutics, San Diego, California, USA.
James R ODellDivision of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
Janitzia Vázquez MelladoDepartment of Rheumatology, Hospital General de Mexico and Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
Jasvinder A SinghDepartment of Medicine at School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3485-0006
John D FitzgeraldDepartment of Medicine/Rheumatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Lennart T H JacobssonDepartment of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Leo JoostenDepartment of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Leslie R HarroldDepartment of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
Lisa StampDepartment of Medicine, Otago University, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Mariano AndrésDepartment of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
Marwin GutierrezDivision of Musculoskeletal and Rheumatic Diseases, Instituto Nacional Rehabilitación, México City, México.
Masanari KuwabaraDivision of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6601-4347
Mats DehlinDepartment of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden.
Matthijs JanssenDepartment of Rheumatology, VieCuri Medical Centre, Venlo, The Netherlands.
Michael DohertyDepartment of Academic Rheumatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Michael S HershfieldDivision of Rheumatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Michael PillingerDepartment of Rheumatology/Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA.
N Lawrence EdwardsCollege of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Naomi SchlesingerDepartment of Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1558-1202
Nitin KumarDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
Ole SlotDepartment of Rheumatology, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spinal Disorders, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark.
Sebastien OttavianiDepartment of Rheumatology, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, University of Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
Pascal RichetteService de Rhumatologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, and INSERM UMR-1132 and Université de Paris, Paris, France.ORCID 0000-0003-2132-4074
Paul A MacMullanDivision of Rheumatology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Peter T ChapmanDepartment of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Peter E LipskyCEO and CMO, AMPEL BioSolutions, LLC, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Philip RobinsonSchool of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Puja P KhannaDepartment of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Rada N GanchevaClinic of Rheumatology, University Hospital 'St. Ivan Rilski', Sofia, Bulgaria.
Rebecca GraingerDepartment of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
Richard J JohnsonDivision of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA.
Ritch Te KampeDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Robert T KeenanDivision of Rheumatology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Sara K TedeschiDivision of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9475-1363
Seoyoung KimDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Sung Jae ChoiDivision of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical College, Ansan, South Korea.
Theodore R FieldsWeill Cornell Medical College, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York City, New York, USA.
Thomas BardinDepartment of Rheumatology, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, and INSERM UMR-1132 and Université de Paris, Paris, France.ORCID 0000-0002-5080-4790
Till UhligDepartment of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Tim JansenDepartment of Rheumatology, VieCuri Medical Centre, Venlo, The Netherlands.
Tony MerrimanDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Tristan PascartDepartment of Rheumatology, Lille Catholic University, Saint-Philibert Hospital, Lomme, France.
Tuhina NeogiSection of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9515-1711
Viola KlückDepartment of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Worawit LouthrenooDivision of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Nicola DalbethDepartment of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Funding
The Effects of Urate Lowering Therapy on Inflammation, Endothelial function, andP50AR060772 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI SAAG, KENNETH G · 2012 to 2021
$12.8MResearch and Evaluation Support Core Unit (RESCU Core)P30AR072571 · NIAMS · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI TUHINA NEOGI · 2019 to 2026
$6.9MThe Role of Urate in Knee Osteoarthritis-Related Inflammation, Pathology and PainK24AR070892 · NIAMS · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI TUHINA NEOGI · 2017 to 2026
$1.1MNovel Synovial Role in Pathogenesis of GoutR21AR075990 · NIAMS · VETERANS MEDICAL RESEARCH FDN/SAN DIEGO · PI TERKELTAUB, ROBERT A. · 2019 to 2020
$333kInnate Inflammation in OsteoarthritisI01BX001660 · VA · VA SAN DIEGO HEALTHCARE SYSTEM · PI TERKELTAUB, ROBERT A. · 2012 to 2020
–BLRD VA I01 BX001660NIAMS NIH HHS K24 AR070892NIAMS NIH HHS P30 AR072571NIAMS NIH HHS P50 AR060772NIAMS NIH HHS R21 AR075990
Abstract
objectiveThere is a lack of standardisation in the terminology used to describe gout. The aim of this project was to develop a consensus statement describing the recommended nomenclature for disease states of gout.
methodsA content analysis of gout-related articles from rheumatology and general internal medicine journals published over a 5-year period identified potential disease states and the labels commonly assigned to them. Based on these findings, experts in gout were invited to participate in a Delphi exercise and face-to-face consensus meeting to reach agreement on disease state labels and definitions.
resultsThe content analysis identified 13 unique disease states and a total of 63 unique labels. The Delphi exercise (n=76 respondents) and face-to-face meeting (n=35 attendees) established consensus agreement for eight disease state labels and definitions. The agreed labels were as follows: 'asymptomatic hyperuricaemia', 'asymptomatic monosodium urate crystal deposition', 'asymptomatic hyperuricaemia with monosodium urate crystal deposition', 'gout', 'tophaceous gout', 'erosive gout', 'first gout flare' and 'recurrent gout flares'. There was consensus agreement that the label 'gout' should be restricted to current or prior clinically evident disease caused by monosodium urate crystal deposition (gout flare, chronic gouty arthritis or subcutaneous tophus).
conclusionConsensus agreement has been established for the labels and definitions of eight gout disease states, including 'gout' itself. The Gout, Hyperuricaemia and Crystal-Associated Disease Network recommends the use of these labels when describing disease states of gout in research and clinical practice.
Indexed as
Terminology as TopicConsensusGoutHumansHyperuricemiagouthyperuricemialanguagemonosodium urate crystalsnomenclatureterminologyurate
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