ArticleReproductive health2019
The reliability and validity of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and PHQ-2 in patients with infertility.
Article in Reproductive health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Relationship Between Debt and Depression, Anxiety, Stress, or Suicide Ideation in Asia: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in psychology · 2020Pooled it
- Testing the efficacy of a self-guided psychotherapy intervention for infertility-related distress: a randomized controlled trial.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2026Trial
- Dyadic coping profiles and emotional distress in Chinese infertile couples.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Adaptation to San Martín Quechua and psychometric analysis of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in Peruvian adults.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- The Role of PrEP Initiation on Depression Severity, HIV-Related Anxiety, HIV Stigma, and PrEP Stigma Among Sexual Minority Men in Singapore: Findings from a Prospective Cohort and Longitudinal Mixed-Methods Study.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Sociodemographic outcomes of childhood trauma experiences among young adults in the rural community of South Africa.Health SA = SA Gesondheid · 2026Article
- Mapping the symptom network of anxiety, depression, somatic symptoms and sleep disturbances in 15,642 infertile women: a retrospective cohort study identifying targets for fertility care.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Depression, anxiety, and sleep problems among Chinese university students enrolled in basketball elective courses: a network psychometric analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Night eating syndrome prevalence and its association with sleep quality, eating patterns, and psychopathology in an Israeli community sample.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025Article
- Examination of the healthy aging center data.BMC geriatrics · 2025Observational
- Sleep quality and associated factors in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a cross-sectional study.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2025Article
- Gender differences in parent-child alienation and its relationship to depressive symptoms in left-behind children: a comparative analysis of undirected and directed networks.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Intimate partner violence and mental health outcomes among ever-married women in Mozambique.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Social and Societal Factors Interact with Psychological Factors to Shape Pain Outcomes in a Community Sample with Chronic Pain: A Network Study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Affected Other Prevalence and Profiles: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Australian Population-Representative Gambling Study.Journal of gambling studies · 2025Article
- Prevalence and risk factors of self-medication with antibiotics in the general population of Tehran-a population-based study.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Article
- Research on the perception of pre-semen collection stress and its influencing factors in men on the day of oocyte retrieval in IVF-ET.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2025Article
- Factors influencing the anxiety and depression status in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer assisted pregnancy.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Using network analysis to identify central symptoms of depression and anxiety in different profiles of infertility patients.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Abstract
backgroundDepression in patients with infertility often goes undiagnosed and untreated. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and its ultra-brief version (i.e. PHQ-2) are widely used measures of depressive symptoms. These scales have not been validated in patients with infertility. The aim of the present study was to examine the reliability and validity of the PHQ-9 and PHQ-2 in patients with infertility.
methodsIn this cross-sectional study, a total of 539 patients with infertility from a referral infertility clinic in Tehran, Iran completed the PHQ-9, along with other relevant scales: the WHO-five Well-being Index (WHO-5), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). Factor structure and internal consistency of PHQ-9 were examined via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Cronbach's alpha, respectively. Convergent validity was evaluated by relationship with WHO-5, HADS and GAD-7.
resultsThe mean total PHQ-9 and PHQ-2 scores were 8.47 ± 6.17 and 2.42 ± 1.86, respectively, and using a cut-off value of 10 (for PHQ-9) and 3 (for PHQ-2), the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 38.6 and 43.6%, respectively. The Cronbach's alphas for PHQ-9 and PHQ-2 were, respectively, 0.851 and 0.767, indicating good internal consistency. The CFA results confirmed the one-factor model of the PHQ-9 (χ
conclusionBoth PHQ-9 and PHQ-2 are brief and easy to use measures of depressive symptoms with good psychometric properties that appear suitable for routine use in patients with infertility.
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