ArticlePloS one2019
Effects of flavoring compounds used in electronic cigarette refill liquids on endothelial and vascular function.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oxidative stress mediates cardiac electrophysiological injury in inhalation exposure to flavored vaping products.Heart rhythm · 2026Article
- Negative Air Ions Attenuate Nicotine-Induced Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction by Suppressing AP1-Mediated FN1 and SPP1.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Young users of electronic cigarettes exhibit reduced cardiorespiratory fitness.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2024Article
- Addressing Cardiovascular Toxicity Risk of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems in the Twenty-First Century: "What Are the Tools Needed for the Job?" and "Do We Have Them?"Cardiovascular toxicology · 2024Review
- Flavoring Agents in E-cigarette Liquids: A Comprehensive Analysis of Multiple Health Risks.Cureus · 2023Review
- Varied effects of tobacco smoke and e-cigarette vapor suggest that nicotine does not affect endothelium-dependent relaxation and nitric oxide signaling.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Effects of electronic cigarette E-liquid and device wattage on vascular function.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2023Article
- Pro-inflammatory effects of aerosols from e-cigarette-derived flavoring chemicals on murine macrophages.Toxicology reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Pathophysiology and Outcomes of Endothelium Function in Coronary Microvascular Diseases: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Multicenter Study.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Chronic E-Cigarette Use Impairs Endothelial Function on the Physiological and Cellular Levels.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2022Article
- Effects of electronic cigarette flavorants on human platelet aggregation ex vivo.Toxicology reports · 2022Article
- Electronic Cigarette and Atherosclerosis: A Comprehensive Literature Review of Latest Evidences.International journal of vascular medicine · 2022Review
- Genome-wide differential expression profiling of lncRNAs and mRNAs in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells exposed to e-cigarette extract.Stem cell research & therapy · 2021Article
- Acute e-cig inhalation impacts vascular health: a study in smoking naïve subjects.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2021Article
- A Summary of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies Evaluating the Impact of E-Cigarette Exposure on Living Organisms and the Environment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- DNA damage, DNA repair and carcinogenicity: Tobacco smoke versus electronic cigarette aerosol.Mutation research. Reviews in mutation researchReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Electronic cigarette refill liquids are commercially provided with a wide variety of flavoring agents. A recent study suggested that several common flavors may scavenge nitric oxide (NO) and cause endothelial dysfunction. It was the aim of the present study to investigate the effects of these flavors on NO/cyclic GMP-mediated signaling and vascular relaxation. We tested the flavoring agents for effects on Ca2+-induced cGMP accumulation and NO synthase activation in cultured endothelial cells. NO scavenging was studied with NO-activated soluble guanylate cyclase and as NO release from a NO donor, measured with a NO electrode. Blood vessel function was studied with precontracted rat aortic rings in the absence and presence of acetylcholine or a NO donor. Cinnamaldehyde inhibited Ca2+-stimulated endothelial cGMP accumulation and NO synthase activation at ≥0.3 mM. Cinnamaldehyde and diacetyl inhibited NO-activated soluble guanylate cyclase with IC50 values of 0.56 (0.54-0.58) and 0.29 (0.24-0.36) mM, respectively, and caused moderate NO scavenging at 1 mM that was not mediated by superoxide anions. The other compounds did not scavenge NO at 1 mM. None of the flavorings interfered with acetylcholine-induced vascular relaxation, but they caused relaxation of pre-contracted aortas. The most potent compounds were eugenol and cinnamaldehyde with EC50 values of ~0.5 mM. Since the flavors did not affect endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation, NO scavenging by cinnamaldehyde and diacetyl does not result in impaired blood vessel function. Although not studied in vivo, the low potency of the compounds renders it unlikely that the observed effects are relevant to humans inhaling flavored vapor from electronic cigarettes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.