Trial reportJournal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology2019
Treatment-Free Survival: A Novel Outcome Measure of the Effects of Immune Checkpoint Inhibition-A Pooled Analysis of Patients With Advanced Melanoma.
Trial report in Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Treatment-free survival after discontinuation of immune checkpoint inhibitors in mNSCLC: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Treatment-free survival after discontinuation of immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2021Pooled it
- Pembrolizumab plus high-dose IL-2 in advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma: six-year survival outcomes and molecular signatures from a phase 2 trial.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Partitioned overall survival: comprehensive analysis of survival states over 4 years in CheckMate 9ER comparing first-line nivolumab plus cabozantinib versus sunitinib in advanced renal cell carcinoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Trial
- Analysis of treatment-free survival of patients with advanced melanoma receiving nivolumab as monotherapy or in combination with relatlimab in RELATIVITY-047.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Trial
- Surgery versus no surgery in platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer: final overall survival analysis of the SOC-1 randomized phase 3 trial.Nature medicine · 2024Trial
- Treatment-free survival and partitioned survival analysis of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus sunitinib: 5-year update of CheckMate 214.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Trial
- Treatment-free survival outcomes from the phase II study of nivolumab and salvage nivolumab/ipilimumab in advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (HCRN GU16-260-Cohort A).Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Trial
- A Phase II Trial of the CD40 Agonistic Antibody Sotigalimab (APX005M) in Combination with Nivolumab in Subjects with Metastatic Melanoma with Confirmed Disease Progression on Anti-PD-1 Therapy.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2024Trial
- First-line nivolumab plus ipilimumab in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: 5-year outcomes in Japanese patients from CheckMate 227 Part 1.International journal of clinical oncology · 2023Trial
- Phase II study of nivolumab and salvage nivolumab/ipilimumab in treatment-naïve patients with advanced non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (HCRN GU16-260-Cohort B).Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2023Trial
- Five-Year Survival Outcomes With Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab Versus Chemotherapy as First-Line Treatment for Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer in CheckMate 227.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2023Trial
- Biomarker guided combination strategies and perioperative integration for immune cold microsatellite stable colorectal cancer.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Outcomes of Nivolumab-Plus-Ipilimumab in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Second Interim Analysis of the J-ENCORE Study.International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association · 2026Observational
- Discontinuing Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Based Therapy After Complete Response in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Evidence, Bias, and a Research Framework.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2026Review
- Capturing durable benefits: interpreting six-year treatment-free survival and restricted mean survival time in CheckMate 227.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
- National Cancer Institute's Working Group on Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer: Clinical Trial Design Considerations.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2025Article
- Discontinuation of Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Patients with Advanced Unresectable Melanoma Achieving CR, PR, or SD.Targeted oncology · 2025Article
- Diagnosis and Management of Invasive Pleomorphic Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast: A Case Report and Comprehensive Review of Current Literature.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Review
- A SITC vision: adapting clinical trials to accelerate drug development in cancer immunotherapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeOutcome measures that comprehensively capture attributes of immuno-oncology agents, including prolonged treatment-free time and persistent treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs), are needed to complement conventional survival end points.
methodsWe pooled data from the CheckMate 067 and 069 clinical trials of nivolumab and ipilimumab, as monotherapies or in combination, for patients with advanced melanoma. Treatment-free survival (TFS) was defined as the area between Kaplan-Meier curves for two conventional time-to-event end points, each defined from random assignment: time to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) protocol therapy cessation and time to subsequent systemic therapy initiation or death. TFS was partitioned as time with and without toxicity by a third end point, time to cessation of both ICI therapy and toxicity. Toxicity included persistent and late-onset grade 3 or higher TRAEs. The area under each Kaplan-Meier curve was estimated by the 36-month restricted mean time.
resultsAt 36 months, many of the 1,077 patients who initiated ICI therapy were surviving free of subsequent therapy initiation (47% nivolumab plus ipilimumab, 37% nivolumab, 15% ipilimumab). The restricted mean TFS was longer for nivolumab plus ipilimumab (11.1 months) compared with nivolumab (4.6 months; difference, 6.5 months; 95% CI, 5.0 to 8.0 months) or ipilimumab (8.7 months; difference, 2.4 months; 95% CI, 0.8 to 4.1 months); restricted mean TFS represented 31% (3% with and 28% without toxicity), 13% (1% and 11%), and 24% (less than 1% and 23%) of the 36-month period, respectively, in the three treatment groups. TFS without toxicity was longer for nivolumab plus ipilimumab than nivolumab (difference, 6.0 months) or ipilimumab (difference, 1.7 months).
conclusionThe analysis of TFS between ICI cessation and subsequent therapy initiation revealed longer TFS without toxicity for patients with advanced melanoma who received nivolumab plus ipilimumab compared with nivolumab or ipilimumab. Regardless of treatment, a small proportion of the TFS involved grade 3 or higher TRAEs.
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