ArticlePlant methods2019
DARLING: a device for assessing resistance to lodging in grain crops.
Article in Plant methods, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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18 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Holistic approaches for improvement of maize resistance against lodging stress: current status and future perspective.Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG · 2026Review
- High-density Phenotype Data of Intermediate Phenotypes Associated with Stalk Lodging Resistance in Maize.Scientific data · 2025Article
- Genomic prediction of stalk lodging resistance and the associated intermediate phenotypes in maize using whole-genome resequence and multi-environmental data.The plant genome · 2025Article
- Maize Plant Morphology Affects Resistance to Stalk Breaking by Affecting Plant Stress.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Experimental error analysis of biomechanical phenotyping for stalk lodging resistance in maize.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Multi-scale modelling predicts plant stem bending behaviour in response to wind to inform lodging resistance.Royal Society open science · 2023Article
- Maize grain yield enhancement in modern hybrids associated with greater stalk lodging resistance at a high planting density: a case study in northeast China.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Cross-sectional geometry predicts failure location in maize stalks.Plant methods · 2022Article
- A simple method for lodging resistance evaluation of maize in the field.Frontiers in plant science · 2022Article
- The Crop Clamp - A non-destructive electromechanical pinch test to evaluate stalk lodging resistance.HardwareX · 2021Article
- The Overlooked Biomechanical Role of the Clasping Leaf Sheath in Wheat Stalk Lodging.Frontiers in plant science · 2021Article
- Evaluation of maize lodging resistance based on the critical wind speed of stalk breaking during the late growth stage.Plant methods · 2020Article
- Maize brace roots provide stalk anchorage.Plant direct · 2020Article
- Field-based mechanical phenotyping of cereal crops to assess lodging resistance.Applications in plant sciences · 2020Review
- Diverse maize hybrids are structurally inefficient at resisting wind induced bending forces that cause stalk lodging.Plant methods · 2020Article
- The effect of plant weight on estimations of stalk lodging resistance.Plant methods · 2020Article
- Integrated Puncture Score: force-displacement weighted rind penetration tests improve stalk lodging resistance estimations in maize.Plant methods · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundStalk lodging (breakage of plant stems prior to harvest) is a major problem for both farmers and plant breeders. A limiting factor in addressing this problem is the lack of a reliable method for phenotyping stalk strength. Previous methods of phenotyping stalk strength induce failure patterns different from those observed in natural lodging events. This paper describes a new device for field-based phenotyping of stalk strength called "DARLING" (device for assessing resistance to lodging in grains). The DARLING apparatus consists of a vertical arm which is connected to a horizontal footplate by a hinge. The operator places the device next to a stalk, aligns the stalk with a force sensor, steps on the footplate, and then pushes the vertical arm forward until the stalk breaks. Force and rotation are continuously recorded during the test and these quantities are used to calculate two quantities: stalk flexural stiffness and stalk bending strength.
resultsField testing of DARLING was performed at multiple sites. Validation was based upon several factors. First, the device induces the characteristic "crease" or Brazier buckling failure patterns observed in naturally lodged stalks. Second, in agreement with prior research, flexural rigidity values attained using the DARLING apparatus are strongly correlated with bending strength measurements. Third, flexural stiffness and bending strength values obtained with DARLING are in agreement with laboratory-based stiffness and strength values for corn stalks. Finally, a paired specimen experimental design was used to determine that the flexural data obtained with DARLING is in agreement with laboratory-based flexural testing results of the same specimens. DARLING was also deployed in the field to assess phenotyping throughput (# of stalks phenotyped per hour). Over approximately 5000 tests, the average testing rate was found to be 210 stalks/h.
conclusionsThe DARLING apparatus provides a quantitative assessment of stalk strength in a field setting. It induces the same failure patterns observed in natural lodging events. DARLING can also be used to perform non-destructive flexural tests. This technology has many applications, including breeding, genetic studies on stalk strength, longitudinal studies of stalk flexural stiffness, and risk assessment of lodging propensity.
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